Chapter 8 Performance and Measurement Precision Using the Adjusted Blueprint

8.1 Introduction

This chapter addresses student performance and operational test functioning with regard to precision and reliability when the adjusted (shortened) blueprint was used for the 2023-24 administration year. Some states who used the adjusted blueprint permitted remote proctoring, so results are provided showing the numbers of tests completed in person versus remotely. Measurement bias from the simulations produced by Cambium Assessment are provided, along with reliability, classification accuracy, standard errors of measurement, and overall score and achievement level results based on student data provided by California, Washington, Delaware, Hawaii, Idaho, Oregon, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. High school results are not presented separately by grade in order to prevent test results from being associated with states.

Prior to 2022-2023, claim scores for individual students were not made available for reporting for the adjusted blueprint. For 2022-2023, states may have elected to report only a total score for the adjusted blueprint or report composite claim scores for ELA/literacy and mathematics with the understanding that preliminary validity data were collected beginning in September 2022 and will be ongoing thereafter. The adjusted blueprints were submitted for federal assessment peer review in June 2023 and were found by the Department of Education to meet the rigorous federal assessment peer review requirements for the general assessment of reading/language arts and mathematics in July 2025.

The composite claim scores are as follows:

ELA/literacy:

  • Composite Claim 1: Reading and Listening

  • Composite Claim 2: Writing and Research

Mathematics:

  • Composite Claim 1: Concepts and Procedures

  • Composite Claim 2: Problem Solving, Communicating Reasoning, and Modeling and Data Analysis

For individual students taking the adjusted blueprint, claim scores are calculated using MLE, as described in the Smarter Balanced Test Scoring Specifications (Smarter Balanced, 2023b); however, the scores are based on the items contained in a particular claim or combination of claims.

8.2 Modes of Administration

Table 8.1 through Table 8.14 present counts of summative assessment administrations by mode (i.e., remote or in-person). All assessments based on the adjusted blueprint were administered online, without a paper/pencil option. These counts are presented at the aggregate level and disaggregated by gender, race/ethnicity, and various status flags: English learners (EL status), IDEA indicator, Section 504, and economically disadvantaged.

Table 8.1: COUNT OF GRADE 3 ELA/LITERACY ADMINISTRATIONS BY MODE FOR SELECTED DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS
Group Total N Remote N Remote P In-Person N In-Person P
Total 561,435 417 0.1 561,018 99.9
Female 257,137 1 0.0 257,136 100.0
Male 285,915 220 0.1 285,695 99.9
Native American or Alaska Native 5,725 19 0.3 5,706 99.7
Asian 55,750 27 0.0 55,723 100.0
Black/African American 29,215 34 0.1 29,181 99.9
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 6,742 20 0.3 6,722 99.7
Hispanic/Latino Ethnicity 261,184 81 0.0 261,103 100.0
White 176,701 375 0.2 176,326 99.8
Two or More Races 35,476 0 0.0 35,476 100.0
Unidentified Race 31,334 121 0.4 31,213 99.6
EL status 115,453 13 0.0 115,440 100.0
IDEA Indicator 78,324 53 0.1 78,271 99.9
Section 504 Status 10,707 9 0.1 10,698 99.9
Economic Disadvantage Status 310,148 220 0.1 309,928 99.9
Table 8.2: COUNT OF GRADE 4 ELA/LITERACY ADMINISTRATIONS BY MODE FOR SELECTED DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS
Group Total N Remote N Remote P In-Person N In-Person P
Total 576,317 430 0.1 575,887 99.9
Female 263,059 7 0.0 263,052 100.0
Male 294,202 231 0.1 293,971 99.9
Native American or Alaska Native 6,335 22 0.3 6,313 99.7
Asian 56,223 35 0.1 56,188 99.9
Black/African American 30,628 33 0.1 30,595 99.9
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 7,083 21 0.3 7,062 99.7
Hispanic/Latino Ethnicity 267,053 78 0.0 266,975 100.0
White 183,083 378 0.2 182,705 99.8
Two or More Races 35,328 0 0.0 35,328 100.0
Unidentified Race 32,197 124 0.4 32,073 99.6
EL status 111,051 16 0.0 111,035 100.0
IDEA Indicator 82,547 53 0.1 82,494 99.9
Section 504 Status 13,514 9 0.1 13,505 99.9
Economic Disadvantage Status 318,801 231 0.1 318,570 99.9
Table 8.3: COUNT OF GRADE 5 ELA/LITERACY ADMINISTRATIONS BY MODE FOR SELECTED DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS
Group Total N Remote N Remote P In-Person N In-Person P
Total 582,912 500 0.1 582,412 99.9
Female 266,594 4 0.0 266,590 100.0
Male 297,343 260 0.1 297,083 99.9
Native American or Alaska Native 6,468 34 0.5 6,434 99.5
Asian 58,533 41 0.1 58,492 99.9
Black/African American 31,546 37 0.1 31,509 99.9
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 7,098 17 0.2 7,081 99.8
Hispanic/Latino Ethnicity 270,091 69 0.0 270,022 100.0
White 182,990 451 0.2 182,539 99.8
Two or More Races 34,510 0 0.0 34,510 100.0
Unidentified Race 32,977 128 0.4 32,849 99.6
EL status 98,076 18 0.0 98,058 100.0
IDEA Indicator 80,862 57 0.1 80,805 99.9
Section 504 Status 15,895 14 0.1 15,881 99.9
Economic Disadvantage Status 323,002 247 0.1 322,755 99.9
Table 8.4: COUNT OF GRADE 6 ELA/LITERACY ADMINISTRATIONS BY MODE FOR SELECTED DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS
Group Total N Remote N Remote P In-Person N In-Person P
Total 581,607 580 0.1 581,027 99.9
Female 265,831 5 0.0 265,826 100.0
Male 297,210 297 0.1 296,913 99.9
Native American or Alaska Native 6,302 41 0.7 6,261 99.3
Asian 57,409 33 0.1 57,376 99.9
Black/African American 31,446 35 0.1 31,411 99.9
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 7,025 26 0.4 6,999 99.6
Hispanic/Latino Ethnicity 273,373 100 0.0 273,273 100.0
White 179,583 521 0.3 179,062 99.7
Two or More Races 33,072 0 0.0 33,072 100.0
Unidentified Race 34,286 155 0.5 34,131 99.5
EL status 87,383 28 0.0 87,355 100.0
IDEA Indicator 75,931 76 0.1 75,855 99.9
Section 504 Status 17,687 32 0.2 17,655 99.8
Economic Disadvantage Status 325,867 301 0.1 325,566 99.9
Table 8.5: COUNT OF GRADE 7 ELA/LITERACY ADMINISTRATIONS BY MODE FOR SELECTED DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS
Group Total N Remote N Remote P In-Person N In-Person P
Total 585,493 787 0.1 584,706 99.9
Female 266,922 8 0.0 266,914 100.0
Male 300,205 385 0.1 299,820 99.9
Native American or Alaska Native 6,311 50 0.8 6,261 99.2
Asian 53,659 41 0.1 53,618 99.9
Black/African American 31,644 51 0.2 31,593 99.8
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 6,747 32 0.5 6,715 99.5
Hispanic/Latino Ethnicity 276,103 146 0.1 275,957 99.9
White 174,347 703 0.4 173,644 99.6
Two or More Races 30,663 1 0.0 30,662 100.0
Unidentified Race 47,295 206 0.4 47,089 99.6
EL status 79,642 36 0.0 79,606 100.0
IDEA Indicator 73,396 113 0.2 73,283 99.8
Section 504 Status 19,462 41 0.2 19,421 99.8
Economic Disadvantage Status 327,263 406 0.1 326,857 99.9
Table 8.6: COUNT OF GRADE 8 ELA/LITERACY ADMINISTRATIONS BY MODE FOR SELECTED DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS
Group Total N Remote N Remote P In-Person N In-Person P
Total 585,736 893 0.2 584,843 99.8
Female 266,664 4 0.0 266,660 100.0
Male 300,897 426 0.1 300,471 99.9
Native American or Alaska Native 6,205 72 1.2 6,133 98.8
Asian 52,108 56 0.1 52,052 99.9
Black/African American 30,616 60 0.2 30,556 99.8
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 6,629 31 0.5 6,598 99.5
Hispanic/Latino Ethnicity 271,511 184 0.1 271,327 99.9
White 165,425 800 0.5 164,625 99.5
Two or More Races 28,072 1 0.0 28,071 100.0
Unidentified Race 65,848 269 0.4 65,579 99.6
EL status 68,876 38 0.1 68,838 99.9
IDEA Indicator 70,650 149 0.2 70,501 99.8
Section 504 Status 20,808 34 0.2 20,774 99.8
Economic Disadvantage Status 326,763 489 0.1 326,274 99.9
Table 8.7: COUNT OF HIGH SCHOOL ELA/LITERACY ADMINISTRATIONS BY MODE FOR SELECTED DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS
Group Total N Remote N Remote P In-Person N In-Person P
Total 590,020 704 0.1 589,316 99.9
Female 271,059 2 0.0 271,057 100.0
Male 303,414 303 0.1 303,111 99.9
Native American or Alaska Native 5,509 37 0.7 5,472 99.3
Asian 49,679 48 0.1 49,631 99.9
Black/African American 23,879 39 0.2 23,840 99.8
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 5,090 16 0.3 5,074 99.7
Hispanic/Latino Ethnicity 262,828 150 0.1 262,678 99.9
White 136,654 629 0.5 136,025 99.5
Two or More Races 22,292 0 0.0 22,292 100.0
Unidentified Race 113,397 200 0.2 113,197 99.8
EL status 62,191 26 0.0 62,165 100.0
IDEA Indicator 65,082 89 0.1 64,993 99.9
Section 504 Status 26,860 58 0.2 26,802 99.8
Economic Disadvantage Status 329,559 367 0.1 329,192 99.9
Table 8.8: COUNT OF GRADE 3 MATHEMATICS ADMINISTRATIONS BY MODE FOR SELECTED DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS
Group Total N Remote N Remote P In-Person N In-Person P
Total 567,862 405 0.1 567,457 99.9
Female 260,111 1 0.0 260,110 100.0
Male 289,235 214 0.1 289,021 99.9
Native American or Alaska Native 5,751 19 0.3 5,732 99.7
Asian 56,882 25 0.0 56,857 100.0
Black/African American 29,284 31 0.1 29,253 99.9
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 6,776 19 0.3 6,757 99.7
Hispanic/Latino Ethnicity 265,058 78 0.0 264,980 100.0
White 177,632 366 0.2 177,266 99.8
Two or More Races 35,585 0 0.0 35,585 100.0
Unidentified Race 32,372 115 0.4 32,257 99.6
EL status 122,309 13 0.0 122,296 100.0
IDEA Indicator 78,322 54 0.1 78,268 99.9
Section 504 Status 10,801 9 0.1 10,792 99.9
Economic Disadvantage Status 314,132 210 0.1 313,922 99.9
Table 8.9: COUNT OF GRADE 4 MATHEMATICS ADMINISTRATIONS BY MODE FOR SELECTED DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS
Group Total N Remote N Remote P In-Person N In-Person P
Total 582,267 432 0.1 581,835 99.9
Female 265,746 7 0.0 265,739 100.0
Male 297,391 231 0.1 297,160 99.9
Native American or Alaska Native 6,378 24 0.4 6,354 99.6
Asian 57,247 37 0.1 57,210 99.9
Black/African American 30,662 34 0.1 30,628 99.9
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 7,115 22 0.3 7,093 99.7
Hispanic/Latino Ethnicity 270,765 79 0.0 270,686 100.0
White 183,869 379 0.2 183,490 99.8
Two or More Races 35,452 0 0.0 35,452 100.0
Unidentified Race 33,190 124 0.4 33,066 99.6
EL status 117,500 17 0.0 117,483 100.0
IDEA Indicator 82,452 53 0.1 82,399 99.9
Section 504 Status 13,573 10 0.1 13,563 99.9
Economic Disadvantage Status 322,356 231 0.1 322,125 99.9
Table 8.10: COUNT OF GRADE 5 MATHEMATICS ADMINISTRATIONS BY MODE FOR SELECTED DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS
Group Total N Remote N Remote P In-Person N In-Person P
Total 588,105 509 0.1 587,596 99.9
Female 268,926 4 0.0 268,922 100.0
Male 300,124 270 0.1 299,854 99.9
Native American or Alaska Native 6,490 33 0.5 6,457 99.5
Asian 59,441 42 0.1 59,399 99.9
Black/African American 31,578 39 0.1 31,539 99.9
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 7,110 17 0.2 7,093 99.8
Hispanic/Latino Ethnicity 273,312 72 0.0 273,240 100.0
White 183,561 460 0.3 183,101 99.7
Two or More Races 34,585 0 0.0 34,585 100.0
Unidentified Race 33,987 133 0.4 33,854 99.6
EL status 103,801 17 0.0 103,784 100.0
IDEA Indicator 80,792 61 0.1 80,731 99.9
Section 504 Status 15,983 14 0.1 15,969 99.9
Economic Disadvantage Status 326,154 254 0.1 325,900 99.9
Table 8.11: COUNT OF GRADE 6 MATHEMATICS ADMINISTRATIONS BY MODE FOR SELECTED DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS
Group Total N Remote N Remote P In-Person N In-Person P
Total 585,884 587 0.1 585,297 99.9
Female 267,799 5 0.0 267,794 100.0
Male 299,452 295 0.1 299,157 99.9
Native American or Alaska Native 6,329 41 0.6 6,288 99.4
Asian 58,273 32 0.1 58,241 99.9
Black/African American 31,377 35 0.1 31,342 99.9
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 7,050 25 0.4 7,025 99.6
Hispanic/Latino Ethnicity 276,213 104 0.0 276,109 100.0
White 180,008 530 0.3 179,478 99.7
Two or More Races 33,103 0 0.0 33,103 100.0
Unidentified Race 35,211 159 0.5 35,052 99.5
EL status 92,635 28 0.0 92,607 100.0
IDEA Indicator 75,650 80 0.1 75,570 99.9
Section 504 Status 17,722 31 0.2 17,691 99.8
Economic Disadvantage Status 328,577 308 0.1 328,269 99.9
Table 8.12: COUNT OF GRADE 7 MATHEMATICS ADMINISTRATIONS BY MODE FOR SELECTED DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS
Group Total N Remote N Remote P In-Person N In-Person P
Total 588,474 789 0.1 587,685 99.9
Female 268,264 8 0.0 268,256 100.0
Male 301,906 390 0.1 301,516 99.9
Native American or Alaska Native 6,316 50 0.8 6,266 99.2
Asian 54,313 43 0.1 54,270 99.9
Black/African American 31,522 53 0.2 31,469 99.8
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 6,770 31 0.5 6,739 99.5
Hispanic/Latino Ethnicity 278,217 146 0.1 278,071 99.9
White 174,446 705 0.4 173,741 99.6
Two or More Races 30,666 1 0.0 30,665 100.0
Unidentified Race 48,017 209 0.4 47,808 99.6
EL status 84,225 37 0.0 84,188 100.0
IDEA Indicator 73,004 116 0.2 72,888 99.8
Section 504 Status 19,461 40 0.2 19,421 99.8
Economic Disadvantage Status 329,006 413 0.1 328,593 99.9
Table 8.13: COUNT OF GRADE 8 MATHEMATICS ADMINISTRATIONS BY MODE FOR SELECTED DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS
Group Total N Remote N Remote P In-Person N In-Person P
Total 588,081 861 0.1 587,220 99.9
Female 267,772 4 0.0 267,768 100.0
Male 302,265 418 0.1 301,847 99.9
Native American or Alaska Native 6,190 65 1.1 6,125 98.9
Asian 52,635 57 0.1 52,578 99.9
Black/African American 30,525 55 0.2 30,470 99.8
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 6,645 32 0.5 6,613 99.5
Hispanic/Latino Ethnicity 273,231 178 0.1 273,053 99.9
White 165,360 774 0.5 164,586 99.5
Two or More Races 28,042 1 0.0 28,041 100.0
Unidentified Race 66,488 259 0.4 66,229 99.6
EL status 72,910 36 0.0 72,874 100.0
IDEA Indicator 70,275 139 0.2 70,136 99.8
Section 504 Status 20,819 32 0.2 20,787 99.8
Economic Disadvantage Status 327,973 478 0.1 327,495 99.9
Table 8.14: COUNT OF HIGH SCHOOL MATHEMATICS ADMINISTRATIONS BY MODE FOR SELECTED DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS
Group Total N Remote N Remote P In-Person N In-Person P
Total 597,196 697 0.1 596,499 99.9
Female 275,514 2 0.0 275,512 100.0
Male 306,465 298 0.1 306,167 99.9
Native American or Alaska Native 5,435 39 0.7 5,396 99.3
Asian 49,689 46 0.1 49,643 99.9
Black/African American 23,599 39 0.2 23,560 99.8
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 5,063 15 0.3 5,048 99.7
Hispanic/Latino Ethnicity 262,473 145 0.1 262,328 99.9
White 136,002 623 0.5 135,379 99.5
Two or More Races 22,212 0 0.0 22,212 100.0
Unidentified Race 121,636 193 0.2 121,443 99.8
EL status 64,229 24 0.0 64,205 100.0
IDEA Indicator 64,664 89 0.1 64,575 99.9
Section 504 Status 27,251 59 0.2 27,192 99.8
Economic Disadvantage Status 331,906 361 0.1 331,545 99.9

8.3 Measurement Bias

Prior to the release of the 2023-24 item pool, Cambium Assessment carried out simulation studies to ensure that the item pool, combined with the adaptive test administration algorithm, would produce satisfactory tests with regard to measurement bias and random measurement error as a function of student achievement, overall reliability, fulfillment of test blueprints, and item exposure. Simulation results for measurement bias with the adjusted blueprint are provided in this section. Measurement bias is systematic error between the true and estimated proficiency values.

Simulations for the 2023-24 administration were performed for each grade within a subject area for the standard item pool (English) and for accommodation item pools of braille and Spanish for mathematics and braille for ELA/literacy. Simulated item responses were generated based on assumed values for true student proficiency (drawn from normal distributions using parameters based on operational scores from the 2018-19 administration) and the operational item parameters. For the standard item pools, the number of simulees was 3,000 for grades 3-8 and 5,000 for grade 11. For the braille and Spanish pools, the number of simulees was 1,000 for grades 3-8 and 2,000 for grade 11. Estimated ability ( \(\hat{\theta}\) ) was calculated from the simulated tests using maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) as described in the Smarter Balanced Test Scoring Specifications. (Smarter Balanced, 2023b).

Table 8.15 and Table 8.17 show for ELA/literacy and mathematics, respectively, the bias in estimates of student proficiency based on the adjusted blueprint. Under the hypothesis of no bias, approximately 5% and 1% of the \(\theta_{i}\) will fall outside, respectively, 95% and 99% confidence intervals centered on \(\theta_{i}\). The mean bias for simulees at each decile of proficiency is provided in Table 8.16 and Table 8.18 for ELA/literacy and mathematics, respectively.

In most cases, mean bias was small and the percentage of simulated examinees with estimated achievement scores outside the confidence intervals centered on their true score was close to expected values of 5% or 1% (for the 95% and 99% confidence intervals, respectively). For grade 11 mathematics, there was mild elevation in average bias, along with mild deviation from expected confidence interval coverage. This was probably due to underestimation of theta in regions of student achievement far below the lowest cut score which was true for all grades but more extreme for mathematics grade 11. Estimation bias was negligible near all cut scores in all cases. 2023-24 data confirmed that measurement bias remains stable under the adjusted blueprint.

Table 8.15: BIAS OF THE ESTIMATED PROFICIENCIES: ELA/LITERACY
Pool Grade Mean Bias SE (Bias) P value MSE 95% CI Miss Rate 99% CI Miss Rate
Standard 3 0.00 0.01 0.64 0.23 4.45% 0.67%
4 -0.01 0.01 0.31 0.27 4.57% 0.87%
5 -0.01 0.01 0.33 0.26 4.91% 0.90%
6 -0.01 0.01 0.20 0.24 5.11% 0.67%
7 0.01 0.01 0.16 0.28 4.48% 0.94%
8 0.00 0.01 0.97 0.29 4.40% 0.60%
HS 0.01 0.01 0.15 0.34 4.49% 0.82%
Braille 3 -0.01 0.02 0.55 0.24 3.81% 0.60%
4 0.01 0.02 0.64 0.29 3.83% 0.91%
5 -0.01 0.02 0.73 0.24 4.93% 0.60%
6 0.00 0.02 0.94 0.27 5.20% 1.20%
7 -0.01 0.02 0.44 0.34 4.80% 1.10%
8 0.03 0.02 0.12 0.32 4.00% 0.40%
HS 0.02 0.01 0.08 0.39 4.18% 0.96%


Table 8.16: AVERAGE BIAS OF THE ESTIMATED PROFICIENCIES BY DECILE: ELA/LITERACY
Pool Grade 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Standard 3 0.39 0.13 0.12 0.06 0.02 -0.05 -0.07 -0.12 -0.13 -0.39
4 0.43 0.14 0.10 0.05 0.03 -0.06 -0.07 -0.08 -0.18 -0.47
5 0.37 0.13 0.12 0.05 0.02 -0.01 -0.06 -0.10 -0.17 -0.44
6 0.38 0.13 0.10 0.02 0.01 0.02 -0.07 -0.12 -0.18 -0.41
7 0.47 0.20 0.17 0.08 0.03 -0.03 -0.07 -0.13 -0.17 -0.41
8 0.53 0.14 0.12 0.05 0.03 -0.01 -0.08 -0.13 -0.23 -0.41
HS 0.51 0.18 0.09 0.02 0.01 0.02 -0.06 -0.07 -0.17 -0.41
Braille 3 0.44 0.12 0.08 0.06 0.01 -0.04 -0.13 -0.11 -0.20 -0.31
4 0.49 0.19 0.12 -0.04 0.03 -0.04 -0.01 -0.13 -0.14 -0.40
5 0.40 0.12 0.11 0.03 0.07 -0.02 -0.10 -0.04 -0.23 -0.39
6 0.45 0.13 0.10 0.06 0.03 -0.09 -0.10 -0.02 -0.21 -0.33
7 0.55 0.15 0.17 0.12 -0.03 0.00 -0.08 -0.20 -0.27 -0.56
8 0.63 0.22 0.13 0.07 0.04 -0.05 -0.05 -0.14 -0.16 -0.40
HS 0.68 0.16 0.14 0.00 0.01 -0.02 -0.03 -0.08 -0.19 -0.42


Table 8.17: BIAS OF THE ESTIMATED PROFICIENCIES: MATHEMATICS
Pool Grade Mean Bias SE (Bias) P value MSE 95% CI Miss Rate 99% CI Miss Rate
Standard 3 0.01 0.01 0.3 0.16 4.37% 0.77%
4 0.01 0.01 0.14 0.16 4.71% 1.14%
5 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.25 5.11% 0.87%
6 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.26 4.52% 1.04%
7 0.03 0.01 < 0.005 0.31 4.40% 0.71%
8 0.01 0.01 0.22 0.40 5.07% 1.04%
HS 0.05 0.01 < 0.005 0.47 3.72% 0.60%
Braille 3 0.03 0.01 0.03 0.20 5.04% 1.11%
4 0.00 0.01 0.72 0.17 4.54% 0.91%
5 0.00 0.02 0.88 0.24 5.03% 0.70%
6 0.03 0.02 0.12 0.32 4.66% 1.11%
7 0.03 0.02 0.19 0.38 5.59% 0.71%
8 0.04 0.02 0.1 0.44 3.65% 0.91%
HS 0.12 0.02 < 0.005 0.78 4.71% 0.71%
Spanish 3 -0.02 0.01 0.14 0.16 4.62% 1.41%
4 -0.01 0.01 0.7 0.18 6.43% 1.21%
5 0.02 0.02 0.29 0.24 3.83% 0.81%
6 0.02 0.02 0.28 0.24 3.32% 0.60%
7 -0.03 0.02 0.05 0.30 4.38% 1.22%
8 0.00 0.02 0.84 0.42 4.31% 1.40%
HS 0.07 0.02 < 0.005 0.52 4.72% 1.01%


Table 8.18: AVERAGE BIAS OF THE ESTIMATED PROFICIENCIES BY DECILE: MATHEMATICS
Pool Grade 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Standard 3 0.32 0.11 0.06 0.02 0.00 -0.01 -0.02 -0.09 -0.05 -0.26
4 0.32 0.13 0.05 0.03 0.00 -0.03 -0.03 -0.05 -0.09 -0.24
5 0.47 0.16 0.13 0.08 -0.02 -0.04 -0.07 -0.09 -0.09 -0.29
6 0.42 0.19 0.13 0.05 0.02 -0.04 -0.06 -0.05 -0.10 -0.29
7 0.53 0.17 0.07 0.00 0.01 -0.01 -0.08 -0.10 -0.09 -0.22
8 0.54 0.21 0.06 0.07 -0.04 -0.01 -0.09 -0.13 -0.16 -0.31
HS 0.90 0.23 0.11 0.04 0.00 -0.06 -0.10 -0.13 -0.18 -0.26
Braille 3 0.42 0.17 0.06 0.01 -0.02 0.03 0.03 -0.09 -0.06 -0.23
4 0.27 0.13 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 -0.04 -0.07 -0.01 -0.31
5 0.36 0.09 0.12 0.05 0.05 -0.06 -0.12 -0.08 -0.09 -0.30
6 0.54 0.14 0.08 0.03 0.05 -0.07 -0.10 -0.03 -0.08 -0.28
7 0.71 0.14 0.09 0.00 -0.04 -0.02 -0.14 -0.09 -0.16 -0.24
8 0.63 0.36 0.12 0.10 -0.09 0.06 -0.10 -0.20 -0.22 -0.31
HS 1.40 0.49 0.14 -0.01 -0.05 -0.07 -0.05 -0.13 -0.26 -0.31
Spanish 3 0.26 0.07 0.04 -0.04 -0.02 -0.01 -0.03 -0.06 -0.05 -0.34
4 0.29 0.15 0.07 0.02 0.03 -0.06 -0.05 -0.12 -0.11 -0.27
5 0.50 0.15 0.03 0.06 -0.10 -0.05 -0.04 -0.03 -0.08 -0.29
6 0.43 0.15 0.11 0.04 0.01 -0.07 -0.02 -0.05 -0.13 -0.29
7 0.33 0.07 0.05 -0.01 -0.09 0.00 -0.12 -0.10 -0.07 -0.41
8 0.53 0.27 0.10 0.10 -0.02 -0.09 -0.13 -0.13 -0.24 -0.36
HS 0.86 0.32 0.23 0.09 -0.03 -0.02 -0.14 -0.17 -0.24 -0.24

8.4 Reliability

Reliability estimates in this section are based on real data and the adjusted blueprint. Due to different schools’ responses to post-pandemic test administration in 2023-24, results presented here for demographic groups should not be considered as representative of the whole population. Table 8.19 and Table 8.20 show the reliability (Rho) of the test for all students and for students based on demographic group in ELA/literacy and mathematics.

Table 8.19: MARGINAL RELIABILITY OF TOTAL SUMMATIVE SCORES: ELA/LITERACY
Grade Group N Var MSE Rho
GRADE 3 Total 561,435 10322 1318 0.872
Female 257,137 10180 1300 0.872
Male 285,915 10391 1348 0.870
Native American or Alaska Native 5,725 8939 1312 0.853
Asian 55,750 9953 1234 0.876
Black/African American 29,215 9377 1434 0.847
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 6,742 8679 1272 0.853
Hispanic/Latino Ethnicity 261,184 9143 1400 0.847
White 176,701 9433 1210 0.872
Two or More Races 35,476 10108 1256 0.876
Unidentified Race 31,334 10110 1211 0.880
EL status 115,453 7170 1573 0.781
IDEA Indicator 78,324 9274 1665 0.820
Section 504 Status 10,707 9150 1259 0.862
Economic Disadvantage Status 310,148 9235 1390 0.849
GRADE 4 Total 576,317 11349 1457 0.872
Female 263,059 11098 1449 0.869
Male 294,202 11522 1479 0.872
Native American or Alaska Native 6,335 9731 1446 0.851
Asian 56,223 10696 1456 0.864
Black/African American 30,628 10402 1557 0.850
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 7,083 9997 1420 0.858
Hispanic/Latino Ethnicity 267,053 10130 1499 0.852
White 183,083 10186 1378 0.865
Two or More Races 35,328 10899 1429 0.869
Unidentified Race 32,197 11421 1393 0.878
EL status 111,051 7571 1660 0.781
IDEA Indicator 82,547 10342 1788 0.827
Section 504 Status 13,514 9580 1382 0.856
Economic Disadvantage Status 318,801 10242 1490 0.854
GRADE 5 Total 582,912 11974 1372 0.885
Female 266,594 11556 1368 0.882
Male 297,343 12249 1386 0.887
Native American or Alaska Native 6,468 10362 1334 0.871
Asian 58,533 10976 1475 0.866
Black/African American 31,546 11154 1417 0.873
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 7,098 10280 1311 0.872
Hispanic/Latino Ethnicity 270,091 10610 1353 0.872
White 182,990 10789 1348 0.875
Two or More Races 34,510 11448 1389 0.879
Unidentified Race 32,977 11806 1335 0.887
EL status 98,076 7250 1497 0.793
IDEA Indicator 80,862 10272 1607 0.844
Section 504 Status 15,895 9945 1311 0.868
Economic Disadvantage Status 323,002 10812 1352 0.875
GRADE 6 Total 581,607 11075 1253 0.887
Female 265,831 10640 1237 0.884
Male 297,210 11236 1272 0.887
Native American or Alaska Native 6,302 9786 1282 0.869
Asian 57,409 9988 1285 0.871
Black/African American 31,446 10205 1319 0.871
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 7,025 9779 1243 0.873
Hispanic/Latino Ethnicity 273,373 9877 1260 0.872
White 179,583 10087 1221 0.879
Two or More Races 33,072 10586 1244 0.882
Unidentified Race 34,286 11357 1232 0.892
EL status 87,383 6412 1448 0.774
IDEA Indicator 75,931 8707 1518 0.826
Section 504 Status 17,687 9070 1205 0.867
Economic Disadvantage Status 325,867 10042 1266 0.874
GRADE 7 Total 585,493 12724 1425 0.888
Female 266,922 11998 1390 0.884
Male 300,205 13105 1462 0.888
Native American or Alaska Native 6,311 11182 1480 0.868
Asian 53,659 11020 1441 0.869
Black/African American 31,644 11801 1534 0.870
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 6,747 11083 1443 0.870
Hispanic/Latino Ethnicity 276,103 11527 1452 0.874
White 174,347 11265 1362 0.879
Two or More Races 30,663 12115 1393 0.885
Unidentified Race 47,295 13098 1434 0.891
EL status 79,642 7533 1788 0.763
IDEA Indicator 73,396 10125 1831 0.819
Section 504 Status 19,462 10549 1348 0.872
Economic Disadvantage Status 327,263 11719 1457 0.876
GRADE 8 Total 585,736 12988 1504 0.884
Female 266,664 12190 1453 0.881
Male 300,897 13363 1555 0.884
Native American or Alaska Native 6,205 11305 1554 0.863
Asian 52,108 11384 1464 0.871
Black/African American 30,616 12108 1655 0.863
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 6,629 11032 1486 0.865
Hispanic/Latino Ethnicity 271,511 11721 1559 0.867
White 165,425 11890 1424 0.880
Two or More Races 28,072 12569 1460 0.884
Unidentified Race 65,848 12753 1458 0.886
EL status 68,876 7308 2033 0.722
IDEA Indicator 70,650 9651 2004 0.792
Section 504 Status 20,808 10935 1417 0.870
Economic Disadvantage Status 326,763 11942 1560 0.869
HIGH SCHOOL Total 590,020 15495 1799 0.884
Female 271,059 13821 1715 0.876
Male 303,414 16539 1878 0.886
Native American or Alaska Native 5,509 13793 1828 0.867
Asian 49,679 12981 1750 0.865
Black/African American 23,879 15162 1962 0.871
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 5,090 12837 1786 0.861
Hispanic/Latino Ethnicity 262,828 14695 1847 0.874
White 136,654 14932 1746 0.883
Two or More Races 22,292 15138 1760 0.884
Unidentified Race 113,397 14378 1757 0.878
EL status 62,191 8615 2507 0.709
IDEA Indicator 65,082 11581 2348 0.797
Section 504 Status 26,860 13543 1720 0.873
Economic Disadvantage Status 329,559 14802 1854 0.875


Table 8.20: MARGINAL RELIABILITY OF TOTAL SUMMATIVE SCORES: MATHEMATICS
Grade Group N Var MSE Rho
GRADE 3 Total 567,862 8668 802 0.907
Female 260,111 8222 786 0.904
Male 289,235 9046 813 0.910
Native American or Alaska Native 5,751 7793 904 0.884
Asian 56,882 8068 791 0.902
Black/African American 29,284 7990 959 0.880
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 6,776 7426 839 0.887
Hispanic/Latino Ethnicity 265,058 7447 839 0.887
White 177,632 7863 743 0.905
Two or More Races 35,585 8532 756 0.911
Unidentified Race 32,372 8903 870 0.902
EL status 122,309 6674 947 0.858
IDEA Indicator 78,322 9431 1169 0.876
Section 504 Status 10,801 7797 762 0.902
Economic Disadvantage Status 314,132 7687 847 0.890
GRADE 4 Total 582,267 9074 880 0.903
Female 265,746 8448 855 0.899
Male 297,391 9624 901 0.906
Native American or Alaska Native 6,378 7955 1018 0.872
Asian 57,247 8491 859 0.899
Black/African American 30,662 8063 1077 0.866
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 7,115 7704 916 0.881
Hispanic/Latino Ethnicity 270,765 7594 933 0.877
White 183,869 8155 792 0.903
Two or More Races 35,452 8908 821 0.908
Unidentified Race 33,190 9297 934 0.899
EL status 117,500 6561 1102 0.832
IDEA Indicator 82,452 9322 1381 0.852
Section 504 Status 13,573 7709 781 0.899
Economic Disadvantage Status 322,356 7889 943 0.880
GRADE 5 Total 588,105 10928 1206 0.890
Female 268,926 10264 1191 0.884
Male 300,124 11556 1218 0.895
Native American or Alaska Native 6,490 9403 1451 0.846
Asian 59,441 9988 1006 0.899
Black/African American 31,578 9613 1548 0.839
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 7,110 8900 1251 0.859
Hispanic/Latino Ethnicity 273,312 9023 1342 0.851
White 183,561 9865 1053 0.893
Two or More Races 34,585 10811 1062 0.902
Unidentified Race 33,987 10857 1226 0.887
EL status 103,801 7060 1680 0.762
IDEA Indicator 80,792 9999 1937 0.806
Section 504 Status 15,983 9341 1077 0.885
Economic Disadvantage Status 326,154 9438 1349 0.857
GRADE 6 Total 585,884 13673 1624 0.881
Female 267,799 13093 1594 0.878
Male 299,452 14230 1656 0.884
Native American or Alaska Native 6,329 11701 1910 0.837
Asian 58,273 12644 1243 0.902
Black/African American 31,377 11710 2196 0.812
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 7,050 11571 1690 0.854
Hispanic/Latino Ethnicity 276,213 11432 1885 0.835
White 180,008 12072 1311 0.891
Two or More Races 33,103 13128 1380 0.895
Unidentified Race 35,211 13962 1579 0.887
EL status 92,635 8676 2653 0.694
IDEA Indicator 75,650 11629 3095 0.734
Section 504 Status 17,722 11198 1323 0.882
Economic Disadvantage Status 328,577 11891 1883 0.842
GRADE 7 Total 588,474 14789 1846 0.875
Female 268,264 14273 1838 0.871
Male 301,906 15273 1849 0.879
Native American or Alaska Native 6,316 12098 2202 0.818
Asian 54,313 14378 1364 0.905
Black/African American 31,522 11662 2397 0.794
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 6,770 11709 2101 0.821
Hispanic/Latino Ethnicity 278,217 11927 2135 0.821
White 174,446 12966 1538 0.881
Two or More Races 30,666 14582 1582 0.892
Unidentified Race 48,017 16267 1813 0.889
EL status 84,225 8645 3066 0.645
IDEA Indicator 73,004 11197 3258 0.709
Section 504 Status 19,461 12376 1578 0.872
Economic Disadvantage Status 329,006 12440 2129 0.829
GRADE 8 Total 588,081 17201 2116 0.877
Female 267,772 16376 2060 0.874
Male 302,265 18080 2158 0.881
Native American or Alaska Native 6,190 13323 2646 0.801
Asian 52,635 17873 1595 0.911
Black/African American 30,525 12829 2662 0.792
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 6,645 12949 2362 0.818
Hispanic/Latino Ethnicity 273,231 13463 2393 0.822
White 165,360 15592 1879 0.880
Two or More Races 28,042 17603 1853 0.895
Unidentified Race 66,488 17631 2035 0.885
EL status 72,910 9112 3365 0.631
IDEA Indicator 70,275 11256 3418 0.696
Section 504 Status 20,819 14426 1920 0.867
Economic Disadvantage Status 327,973 14189 2389 0.832
HIGH SCHOOL Total 597,196 18174 2838 0.844
Female 275,514 16380 2720 0.834
Male 306,465 19960 2964 0.852
Native American or Alaska Native 5,435 13869 3106 0.776
Asian 49,689 19255 1748 0.909
Black/African American 23,599 13742 3814 0.722
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 5,063 13144 2781 0.788
Hispanic/Latino Ethnicity 262,473 14098 3333 0.764
White 136,002 17936 2344 0.869
Two or More Races 22,212 19733 2385 0.879
Unidentified Race 121,636 16682 2652 0.841
EL status 64,229 9377 5106 0.455
IDEA Indicator 64,664 10618 5212 0.509
Section 504 Status 27,251 16180 2525 0.844
Economic Disadvantage Status 331,906 14812 3294 0.778

8.5 Classification Accuracy

Classification accuracy measures how accurately test scores place students into reporting category levels. The likelihood of inaccurate placement depends on the amount of measurement error associated with scores, especially those nearest cut points, and on the distribution of student achievement.

Table 8.21 and Table 8.22 show classification accuracy of the total score achievement levels in ELA/literacy and mathematics, respectively, for each grade 3-8 and high school (HS). Section 2.4 explains how the statistics in these tables were computed. Classification accuracy for each category was high to moderately high for all grades.

Table 8.21: CLASSIFICATION ACCURACY OF TOTAL ELA/LITERACY SCORES
Grade Observed Level N P True L1 True L2 True L3 True L4 Accuracy by Level Accuracy Overall
GRADE 3 1 188,816 0.336 0.294 0.041 0.001 0.000 0.875 0.753
2 127,749 0.228 0.043 0.141 0.042 0.001 0.618
3 112,310 0.200 0.001 0.043 0.117 0.040 0.583
4 132,560 0.236 0.000 0.001 0.034 0.201 0.852
GRADE 4 1 207,268 0.360 0.318 0.039 0.002 0.000 0.885 0.747
2 110,999 0.193 0.044 0.105 0.042 0.002 0.545
3 115,896 0.201 0.002 0.043 0.115 0.041 0.572
4 142,154 0.247 0.000 0.002 0.036 0.209 0.846
GRADE 5 1 187,294 0.321 0.286 0.034 0.001 0.000 0.889 0.761
2 112,813 0.194 0.040 0.113 0.040 0.000 0.584
3 150,197 0.258 0.002 0.044 0.172 0.040 0.669
4 132,608 0.227 0.000 0.000 0.037 0.190 0.835
GRADE 6 1 172,384 0.296 0.261 0.035 0.000 0.000 0.879 0.766
2 141,700 0.244 0.040 0.162 0.041 0.000 0.666
3 163,496 0.281 0.000 0.045 0.197 0.039 0.701
4 104,027 0.179 0.000 0.000 0.032 0.146 0.817
GRADE 7 1 175,852 0.300 0.266 0.033 0.001 0.000 0.887 0.772
2 129,555 0.221 0.038 0.143 0.040 0.000 0.645
3 179,228 0.306 0.001 0.044 0.223 0.038 0.728
4 100,858 0.172 0.000 0.000 0.032 0.140 0.813
GRADE 8 1 171,789 0.293 0.259 0.034 0.000 0.000 0.882 0.772​
2 142,582 0.243 0.039 0.162 0.042 0.000 0.666
3 178,963 0.306 0.000 0.045 0.223 0.037 0.731
4 92,402 0.158 0.000 0.000 0.030 0.128 0.811
HIGH SCHOOL 1 135,833 0.230 0.201 0.029 0.000 0.000 0.872 0.771
2 124,504 0.211 0.032 0.141 0.037 0.000 0.669
3 176,825 0.300 0.000 0.044 0.212 0.044 0.706
4 152,858 0.259 0.000 0.000 0.042 0.217 0.839


Table 8.22: CLASSIFICATION ACCURACY OF TOTAL MATHEMATICS SCORES
Grade Observed Level N P True L1 True L2 True L3 True L4 Accuracy by Level Accuracy Overall
GRADE 3 1 180,938 0.319 0.283 0.035 0.001 0.000 0.889 0.793
2 123,878 0.218 0.037 0.144 0.038 0.000 0.658
3 142,771 0.251 0.000 0.038 0.182 0.031 0.725
4 120,275 0.212 0.000 0.000 0.027 0.184 0.870
GRADE 4 1 172,464 0.296 0.260 0.036 0.000 0.000 0.877 0.798
2 163,553 0.281 0.038 0.206 0.037 0.000 0.732
3 132,196 0.227 0.000 0.036 0.162 0.029 0.713
4 114,054 0.196 0.000 0.000 0.025 0.170 0.870
GRADE 5 1 229,940 0.391 0.345 0.045 0.001 0.000 0.883 0.791
2 145,396 0.247 0.040 0.170 0.037 0.001 0.688
3 92,597 0.157 0.000 0.032 0.097 0.028 0.616
4 120,172 0.204 0.000 0.001 0.025 0.179 0.877
GRADE 6 1 234,125 0.400 0.357 0.042 0.001 0.000 0.894 0.795
2 148,721 0.254 0.040 0.176 0.037 0.001 0.693
3 94,833 0.162 0.000 0.033 0.101 0.028 0.623
4 108,205 0.185 0.000 0.000 0.023 0.161 0.873
GRADE 7 1 238,331 0.405 0.358 0.046 0.001 0.000 0.885 0.791
2 146,504 0.249 0.042 0.167 0.039 0.001 0.671
3 102,128 0.174 0.000 0.033 0.114 0.027 0.657
4 101,511 0.172 0.000 0.000 0.020 0.152 0.880
GRADE 8 1 269,080 0.458 0.405 0.051 0.002 0.000 0.885 0.792
2 131,327 0.223 0.044 0.140 0.038 0.001 0.627
3 82,085 0.140 0.000 0.028 0.087 0.024 0.621
4 105,589 0.180 0.000 0.000 0.019 0.161 0.895
HIGH SCHOOL 1 305,422 0.511 0.454 0.056 0.002 0.000 0.887 0.806
2 129,572 0.217 0.042 0.140 0.036 0.000 0.643
3 93,003 0.156 0.000 0.026 0.111 0.019 0.711
4 69,199 0.116 0.000 0.000 0.014 0.102 0.883

8.6 Standard Errors of Measurement

The standard error of measurement (SEM) information in this section is based on student scores and associated SEMs included in the data Smarter Balanced receives from members after the administration. All of the SEM statistics reported here are based on the adjusted (shortened) blueprint and in the reporting scale metric.

Table 8.23 and Table 8.24 show the trend in the SEM by student decile for ELA/literacy and mathematics, respectively. Deciles were defined by ranking students from highest to lowest scale score and dividing the students into 10 equal-sized groups according to rank. Decile 1 contains the 10% of students with the lowest scale scores. Decile 10 contains the 10% of students with the highest scale scores. The SEM reported for a decile is the average SEM among examinees at that decile.

Table 8.23: AVERAGE SEM BY DECILE: ELA/LITERACY
Subject Grade Mean d1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d6 d7 d8 d9 d10
ELA/LITERACY GRADE 3 35.2 52.2 37.7 34.4 32.8 31.8 31.2 31.3 31.5 32.4 35.2
GRADE 4 37.4 51.5 38.5 36.1 35.1 34.3 33.8 33.3 34.0 35.3 39.4
GRADE 5 36.3 47.7 35.6 33.3 32.4 32.4 32.8 33.4 34.6 36.7 41.5
GRADE 6 34.9 46.1 35.5 32.7 31.5 31.1 31.6 32.5 33.5 34.8 37.8
GRADE 7 36.9 52.3 38.5 35.0 33.3 32.7 32.9 33.2 34.0 35.8 39.5
GRADE 8 37.8 56.5 38.9 35.0 33.9 33.9 34.0 34.2 34.7 36.0 39.3
HIGH SCHOOL 41.4 61.0 43.4 39.1 37.4 36.8 36.4 37.2 37.9 39.7 42.7


Table 8.24: AVERAGE SEM BY DECILE: MATHEMATICS
Subject Grade Mean d1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d6 d7 d8 d9 d10
MATHEMATICS GRADE 3 27.0 43.8 30.1 26.7 24.8 23.7 23.0 22.6 22.4 23.4 26.5
GRADE 4 28.0 46.4 31.0 27.6 25.9 24.8 24.0 23.2 23.1 23.2 26.2
GRADE 5 32.9 55.7 40.2 36.3 33.3 30.4 27.9 25.9 24.8 24.4 26.1
GRADE 6 36.9 71.9 45.0 38.7 34.7 32.1 30.4 28.9 27.8 27.4 29.6
GRADE 7 39.7 75.2 48.4 42.3 39.0 36.4 34.1 31.6 29.5 28.1 29.5
GRADE 8 43.5 76.4 52.0 46.7 44.3 42.4 39.8 36.5 32.6 29.6 31.0
HIGH SCHOOL 48.8 98.0 64.7 54.9 48.9 44.4 41.0 37.7 34.6 31.4 30.6

Table 8.25 and Table 8.26 show the average SEM near the achievement level cut scores. The average SEM reported for a given cut score is the average SEM among students within 10 scale score units of the cut score. In the column headings, “Cut1” is the lowest cut score defining the lower boundary of level 2, “Cut2” defines the lower boundary of level 3, and “Cut3” defines the lower boundary of level 4.

Table 8.25: SEM WITHIN 10 POINTS OF ACHIEVEMENT LEVEL CUT SCORES: ELA/LITERACY
Subject Grade Cut1v2_N Cut1v2_M Cut1v2_SD Cut2v3_N Cut2v3_M Cut2v3_SD Cut3v4_N Cut3v4_M Cut3v4_SD
ELA/LITERACY GRADE 3 38,722 32.9 1.98 42,572 31.2 1.50 35,907 31.5 1.74
ELA/LITERACY GRADE 4 38,051 35.0 2.16 42,544 33.8 1.76 36,736 34.1 1.58
ELA/LITERACY GRADE 5 36,314 32.4 1.97 41,492 32.5 1.71 34,995 34.9 1.93
ELA/LITERACY GRADE 6 36,554 32.0 1.72 42,481 31.4 1.59 33,126 34.4 1.72
ELA/LITERACY GRADE 7 32,804 33.8 1.80 40,417 32.7 1.92 31,659 35.3 1.69
ELA/LITERACY GRADE 8 32,645 34.1 1.84 39,804 34.0 1.52 29,595 35.8 1.81
ELA/LITERACY HIGH SCHOOL 23,895 39.5 2.52 34,718 36.8 2.18 36,147 37.9 1.89


Table 8.26: SEM WITHIN 10 POINTS OF ACHIEVEMENT LEVEL CUT SCORES: MATHEMATICS
Subject Grade Cut1v2_N Cut1v2_M Cut1v2_SD Cut2v3_N Cut2v3_M Cut2v3_SD Cut3v4_N Cut3v4_M Cut3v4_SD
MATHEMATICS GRADE 3 42,543 25.2 1.27 49,928 23.0 1.00 38,690 22.6 1.30
MATHEMATICS GRADE 4 42,711 26.6 1.47 47,317 23.8 1.19 36,346 23.1 1.15
MATHEMATICS GRADE 5 41,563 32.0 1.70 41,708 26.1 1.55 33,754 24.5 1.61
MATHEMATICS GRADE 6 37,611 33.2 1.66 38,124 28.8 1.51 29,310 27.4 1.59
MATHEMATICS GRADE 7 37,117 37.4 1.94 35,656 31.5 2.04 25,450 28.4 2.12
MATHEMATICS GRADE 8 36,556 42.1 2.36 29,907 35.2 2.47 21,539 30.0 3.24
MATHEMATICS HIGH SCHOOL 35,521 42.1 2.49 27,342 35.1 2.41 16,163 30.2 2.27

Figure 8.1 to Figure 8.14 provide scatter plots of a random sample of 2,000 individual student SEMs from the adjusted blueprint as a function of total scale score by grade within subject. Dashed vertical lines in Figure 8.1 to Figure 8.14 represent the achievement level cut scores. The plots for the high school standard errors show cut scores for each grade 9, 10, and 11, separately.

ELA/Literacy Grade 3

Figure 8.1: ELA/Literacy Grade 3

ELA/Literacy Grade 4

Figure 8.2: ELA/Literacy Grade 4

ELA/Literacy Grade 5

Figure 8.3: ELA/Literacy Grade 5

ELA/Literacy Grade 6

Figure 8.4: ELA/Literacy Grade 6

ELA/Literacy Grade 7

Figure 8.5: ELA/Literacy Grade 7

ELA/Literacy Grade 8

Figure 8.6: ELA/Literacy Grade 8

ELA/Literacy High School

Figure 8.7: ELA/Literacy High School

Mathematics Grade 3

Figure 8.8: Mathematics Grade 3

Mathematics Grade 4

Figure 8.9: Mathematics Grade 4

Mathematics Grade 5

Figure 8.10: Mathematics Grade 5

Mathematics Grade 6

Figure 8.11: Mathematics Grade 6

Mathematics Grade 7

Figure 8.12: Mathematics Grade 7

Mathematics Grade 8

Figure 8.13: Mathematics Grade 8

Mathematics High School

Figure 8.14: Mathematics High School

8.7 Overall Score and Achievement Level Results

Two kinds of results are reported in the tables of this section: 1) summary statistics for overall scale scores and 2) achievement level percentages. The overall scale scores provide a numerical representation of student achievement along the assessment continuum. The achievement level percentages show the distribution of students across performance levels, which reflect varying degrees of college and career readiness.

Table 8.27 to Table 8.40 show by grade and subject the number of students in total and by demographic group in the reporting states, the mean and standard deviation of their overall scale score, the percentage of students in each achievement level, and the percentage of students in levels 3 and 4 combined. Levels 3 and 4 are combined to show the total percentage of students who are on track for college and career readiness.

Table 8.27: GRADE 3 ELA/LITERACY AVERAGE OVERALL SCALE SCORE AND PERCENTAGE IN EACH ACHIEVEMENT LEVEL BY SELECTED DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS , 2023-24 ADMINISTRATION
Group Scale Scores N Scale Scores Mean Scale Scores SD Achievement Levels(%) 1 Achievement Levels(%) 2 Achievement Levels(%) 3 Achievement Levels(%) 4 Achievement Levels(%)3&4
Total 561,435 2412 101.6 33.6 22.8 20.0 23.6 43.6
Female 257,137 2420 100.9 30.4 22.7 20.9 26.0 46.9
Male 285,915 2404 101.9 36.5 22.8 19.1 21.5 40.7
American Indian or Alaska Native 5,725 2373 94.5 49.1 23.2 15.9 11.7 27.7
Asian 55,750 2467 99.8 16.5 17.0 21.3 45.2 66.5
Black/African American 29,215 2375 96.8 47.8 23.3 16.0 12.9 28.9
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 6,742 2379 93.2 45.2 25.1 17.7 12.0 29.7
Hispanic/Latino Ethnicity 261,184 2384 95.6 43.5 24.7 17.7 14.2 31.8
White 176,701 2432 97.1 25.3 22.2 23.0 29.5 52.5
Two or More Races 35,476 2440 100.5 23.6 20.8 22.1 33.5 55.6
Unidentified Race 31,334 2402 100.5 37.2 23.1 18.8 20.9 39.8
EL Status 115,453 2347 84.7 59.7 24.0 11.4 4.8 16.2
IDEA Indicator 78,324 2347 96.3 61.4 19.3 10.7 8.6 19.3
Section 504 Status 10,707 2419 95.7 30.0 23.9 21.7 24.4 46.1
Economic Disadvantage Status 310,148 2385 96.1 43.3 24.5 17.6 14.5 32.1
Table 8.28: GRADE 4 ELA/LITERACY AVERAGE OVERALL SCALE SCORE AND PERCENTAGE IN EACH ACHIEVEMENT LEVEL BY SELECTED DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS , 2023-24 ADMINISTRATION
Group Scale Scores N Scale Scores Mean Scale Scores SD Achievement Levels(%) 1 Achievement Levels(%) 2 Achievement Levels(%) 3 Achievement Levels(%) 4 Achievement Levels(%)3&4
Total 576,317 2454 106.5 36.0 19.3 20.1 24.7 44.8
Female 263,059 2462 105.3 33.0 19.3 20.9 26.9 47.7
Male 294,202 2447 107.3 38.7 19.2 19.4 22.8 42.1
American Indian or Alaska Native 6,335 2415 98.6 50.7 21.1 16.0 12.3 28.2
Asian 56,223 2515 103.4 17.1 13.5 21.1 48.3 69.4
Black/African American 30,628 2412 102.0 52.2 19.4 15.6 12.8 28.4
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 7,083 2421 100.0 48.7 20.1 17.2 14.0 31.2
Hispanic/Latino Ethnicity 267,053 2425 100.6 46.3 20.9 18.0 14.8 32.8
White 183,083 2476 100.9 27.1 19.2 23.0 30.7 53.8
Two or More Races 35,328 2484 104.4 25.4 17.9 22.0 34.7 56.7
Unidentified Race 32,197 2447 106.9 38.6 19.2 19.4 22.8 42.1
EL Status 111,051 2379 87.0 65.9 19.7 10.7 3.8 14.5
IDEA Indicator 82,547 2377 101.7 67.2 15.0 9.9 7.9 17.8
Section 504 Status 13,514 2465 97.9 30.9 21.0 22.5 25.6 48.1
Economic Disadvantage Status 318,801 2425 101.2 46.1 20.8 18.0 15.2 33.2
Table 8.29: GRADE 5 ELA/LITERACY AVERAGE OVERALL SCALE SCORE AND PERCENTAGE IN EACH ACHIEVEMENT LEVEL BY SELECTED DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS , 2023-24 ADMINISTRATION
Group Scale Scores N Scale Scores Mean Scale Scores SD Achievement Levels(%) 1 Achievement Levels(%) 2 Achievement Levels(%) 3 Achievement Levels(%) 4 Achievement Levels(%)3&4
Total 582,912 2493 109.4 32.1 19.4 25.8 22.7 48.5
Female 266,594 2503 107.5 28.6 19.6 26.6 25.2 51.9
Male 297,343 2484 110.7 35.5 19.1 24.8 20.5 45.4
American Indian or Alaska Native 6,468 2451 101.8 47.0 21.0 21.3 10.7 32.0
Asian 58,533 2558 104.8 14.3 12.2 26.6 46.9 73.5
Black/African American 31,546 2449 105.6 48.2 20.2 20.4 11.3 31.7
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 7,098 2460 101.4 42.3 22.5 23.1 12.1 35.2
Hispanic/Latino Ethnicity 270,091 2463 103.0 41.9 21.8 23.4 13.0 36.3
White 182,990 2515 103.9 23.7 18.4 29.3 28.6 57.9
Two or More Races 34,510 2524 107.0 22.4 17.1 27.8 32.8 60.6
Unidentified Race 32,977 2486 108.7 34.5 19.5 25.4 20.6 46.1
EL Status 98,076 2403 85.1 67.0 20.7 10.5 1.8 12.3
IDEA Indicator 80,862 2403 101.4 67.4 15.6 11.4 5.6 17.0
Section 504 Status 15,895 2505 99.7 26.6 20.4 29.3 23.7 53.0
Economic Disadvantage Status 323,002 2464 104.0 41.6 21.5 23.4 13.5 36.9
Table 8.30: GRADE 6 ELA/LITERACY AVERAGE OVERALL SCALE SCORE AND PERCENTAGE IN EACH ACHIEVEMENT LEVEL BY SELECTED DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS , 2023-24 ADMINISTRATION
Group Scale Scores N Scale Scores Mean Scale Scores SD Achievement Levels(%) 1 Achievement Levels(%) 2 Achievement Levels(%) 3 Achievement Levels(%) 4 Achievement Levels(%)3&4
Total 581,607 2515 105.2 29.6 24.4 28.1 17.9 46.0
Female 265,831 2528 103.1 25.1 24.1 29.8 21.0 50.8
Male 297,210 2503 106.0 33.8 24.5 26.5 15.2 41.7
American Indian or Alaska Native 6,302 2470 98.9 45.4 26.3 21.2 7.1 28.3
Asian 57,409 2581 99.9 12.1 15.0 31.9 41.0 72.9
Black/African American 31,446 2471 101.0 45.7 25.6 20.6 8.1 28.7
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 7,025 2483 98.9 40.3 26.7 23.7 9.2 33.0
Hispanic/Latino Ethnicity 273,373 2488 99.4 38.0 27.4 24.7 9.9 34.6
White 179,583 2534 100.4 22.4 23.5 32.2 21.9 54.1
Two or More Races 33,072 2542 102.9 20.8 21.8 31.6 25.7 57.3
Unidentified Race 34,286 2507 106.6 32.7 24.2 26.8 16.4 43.1
EL Status 87,383 2420 80.1 67.3 24.3 7.7 0.7 8.4
IDEA Indicator 75,931 2422 93.3 67.7 19.4 9.7 3.2 12.9
Section 504 Status 17,687 2521 95.2 25.4 27.3 31.0 16.2 47.2
Economic Disadvantage Status 325,867 2488 100.2 38.3 27.0 24.4 10.2 34.6
Table 8.31: GRADE 7 ELA/LITERACY AVERAGE OVERALL SCALE SCORE AND PERCENTAGE IN EACH ACHIEVEMENT LEVEL BY SELECTED DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS , 2023-24 ADMINISTRATION
Group Scale Scores N Scale Scores Mean Scale Scores SD Achievement Levels(%) 1 Achievement Levels(%) 2 Achievement Levels(%) 3 Achievement Levels(%) 4 Achievement Levels(%)3&4
Total 585,493 2537 112.8 30.0 22.1 30.6 17.2 47.8
Female 266,922 2551 109.5 25.4 21.9 32.7 20.1 52.8
Male 300,205 2524 114.5 34.3 22.3 28.7 14.7 43.4
American Indian or Alaska Native 6,311 2496 105.7 43.4 25.1 24.3 7.2 31.6
Asian 53,659 2609 105.0 11.9 13.3 33.9 40.9 74.9
Black/African American 31,644 2490 108.6 46.0 23.7 22.8 7.4 30.2
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 6,747 2501 105.3 41.1 25.8 24.9 8.2 33.0
Hispanic/Latino Ethnicity 276,103 2507 107.4 39.0 25.1 26.7 9.3 36.0
White 174,347 2558 106.1 22.3 21.2 35.7 20.8 56.5
Two or More Races 30,663 2565 110.1 21.6 19.3 34.5 24.6 59.1
Unidentified Race 47,295 2547 114.4 27.9 20.4 30.9 20.8 51.7
EL Status 79,642 2430 86.8 70.2 21.8 7.4 0.6 8.0
IDEA Indicator 73,396 2436 100.6 67.9 18.6 10.6 2.9 13.5
Section 504 Status 19,462 2545 102.7 25.4 24.6 34.0 16.0 50.0
Economic Disadvantage Status 327,263 2507 108.3 39.2 24.7 26.5 9.5 36.1
Table 8.32: GRADE 8 ELA/LITERACY AVERAGE OVERALL SCALE SCORE AND PERCENTAGE IN EACH ACHIEVEMENT LEVEL BY SELECTED DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS , 2023-24 ADMINISTRATION
Group Scale Scores N Scale Scores Mean Scale Scores SD Achievement Levels(%) 1 Achievement Levels(%) 2 Achievement Levels(%) 3 Achievement Levels(%) 4 Achievement Levels(%)3&4
Total 585,736 2549 114.0 29.3 24.3 30.6 15.8 46.3
Female 266,664 2564 110.4 24.1 24.2 33.0 18.7 51.7
Male 300,897 2535 115.6 34.0 24.4 28.2 13.3 41.5
American Indian or Alaska Native 6,205 2503 106.3 44.1 27.0 22.7 6.3 28.9
Asian 52,108 2621 106.7 11.9 14.5 35.8 37.8 73.6
Black/African American 30,616 2502 110.0 44.9 25.7 22.4 7.0 29.4
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 6,629 2512 105.0 41.0 28.3 23.5 7.3 30.7
Hispanic/Latino Ethnicity 271,511 2519 108.3 37.9 27.4 26.2 8.5 34.7
White 165,425 2566 109.0 23.2 23.6 34.9 18.4 53.2
Two or More Races 28,072 2576 112.1 21.2 21.9 34.3 22.5 56.8
Unidentified Race 65,848 2566 112.9 24.3 22.1 33.6 19.9 53.5
EL Status 68,876 2435 85.5 72.0 21.8 5.7 0.5 6.2
IDEA Indicator 70,650 2446 98.2 68.0 20.2 9.6 2.2 11.8
Section 504 Status 20,808 2557 104.6 24.8 26.5 33.6 15.1 48.6
Economic Disadvantage Status 326,763 2520 109.3 37.9 27.0 26.3 8.9 35.2
Table 8.33: HIGH SCHOOL ELA/LITERACY AVERAGE OVERALL SCALE SCORE AND PERCENTAGE IN EACH ACHIEVEMENT LEVEL BY SELECTED DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS , 2023-24 ADMINISTRATION
Group Scale Scores N Scale Scores Mean Scale Scores SD Achievement Levels(%) 1 Achievement Levels(%) 2 Achievement Levels(%) 3 Achievement Levels(%) 4 Achievement Levels(%)3&4
Total 590,020 2589 124.5 23.0 21.1 30.0 25.9 55.9
Female 271,059 2607 117.6 17.7 20.6 32.2 29.5 61.7
Male 303,414 2574 128.6 27.8 21.4 27.9 22.8 50.8
American Indian or Alaska Native 5,509 2546 117.4 33.2 26.4 27.4 13.0 40.4
Asian 49,679 2658 113.9 10.0 12.1 28.1 49.8 77.9
Black/African American 23,879 2536 123.1 37.6 24.7 24.6 13.2 37.8
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 5,090 2553 113.3 30.9 27.6 28.2 13.3 41.5
Hispanic/Latino Ethnicity 262,828 2562 121.2 29.1 24.3 29.2 17.3 46.6
White 136,654 2609 122.2 18.5 18.8 31.0 31.6 62.6
Two or More Races 22,292 2619 123.0 17.0 17.4 29.8 35.8 65.6
Unidentified Race 113,397 2597 119.9 20.2 21.0 31.7 27.1 58.7
EL Status 62,191 2451 92.8 67.0 24.1 8.0 0.8 8.8
IDEA Indicator 65,082 2475 107.6 59.0 24.2 12.9 3.9 16.8
Section 504 Status 26,860 2605 116.4 17.5 21.5 32.9 28.0 61.0
Economic Disadvantage Status 329,559 2561 121.7 29.5 24.4 28.8 17.3 46.2
Table 8.34: GRADE 3 MATHEMATICS AVERAGE OVERALL SCALE SCORE AND PERCENTAGE IN EACH ACHIEVEMENT LEVEL BY SELECTED DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS , 2023-24 ADMINISTRATION
Group Scale Scores N Scale Scores Mean Scale Scores SD Achievement Levels(%) 1 Achievement Levels(%) 2 Achievement Levels(%) 3 Achievement Levels(%) 4 Achievement Levels(%)3&4
Total 567,862 2424 93.1 31.9 21.8 25.1 21.2 46.3
Female 260,111 2420 90.7 33.2 22.6 25.0 19.2 44.2
Male 289,235 2429 95.1 30.2 21.0 25.4 23.4 48.8
American Indian or Alaska Native 5,751 2384 88.3 49.0 22.4 19.1 9.5 28.6
Asian 56,882 2485 89.8 13.0 14.0 26.2 46.8 73.0
Black/African American 29,284 2382 89.4 48.6 23.2 18.9 9.3 28.2
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 6,776 2392 86.2 44.4 24.4 20.7 10.4 31.2
Hispanic/Latino Ethnicity 265,058 2398 86.3 41.8 24.3 22.3 11.6 33.9
White 177,632 2442 88.7 23.4 21.1 29.2 26.3 55.5
Two or More Races 35,585 2449 92.4 22.3 19.6 27.4 30.6 58.1
Unidentified Race 32,372 2409 94.4 38.1 21.4 23.2 17.4 40.5
EL Status 122,309 2373 81.7 54.2 23.8 16.1 5.9 22.0
IDEA Indicator 78,322 2362 97.1 59.1 17.8 14.1 8.9 23.0
Section 504 Status 10,801 2431 88.3 28.3 22.6 27.2 21.8 49.1
Economic Disadvantage Status 314,132 2399 87.7 41.4 24.1 22.2 12.3 34.5
Table 8.35: GRADE 4 MATHEMATICS AVERAGE OVERALL SCALE SCORE AND PERCENTAGE IN EACH ACHIEVEMENT LEVEL BY SELECTED DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS , 2023-24 ADMINISTRATION
Group Scale Scores N Scale Scores Mean Scale Scores SD Achievement Levels(%) 1 Achievement Levels(%) 2 Achievement Levels(%) 3 Achievement Levels(%) 4 Achievement Levels(%)3&4
Total 582,267 2463 95.3 29.6 28.1 22.7 19.6 42.3
Female 265,746 2459 91.9 30.9 29.4 22.5 17.2 39.7
Male 297,391 2468 98.1 28.2 26.8 22.9 22.1 45.1
American Indian or Alaska Native 6,378 2424 89.2 45.0 29.9 16.9 8.2 25.0
Asian 57,247 2530 92.1 11.2 17.6 24.6 46.6 71.2
Black/African American 30,662 2418 89.8 47.1 29.5 16.0 7.4 23.4
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 7,115 2432 87.8 40.2 32.0 18.5 9.3 27.8
Hispanic/Latino Ethnicity 270,765 2435 87.1 39.4 31.6 19.1 9.9 29.0
White 183,869 2484 90.3 20.9 26.9 27.4 24.9 52.3
Two or More Races 35,452 2489 94.4 20.4 25.0 26.1 28.4 54.6
Unidentified Race 33,190 2450 96.4 34.7 28.0 21.0 16.2 37.3
EL Status 117,500 2405 81.0 53.8 30.3 11.8 4.1 15.9
IDEA Indicator 82,452 2395 96.5 59.5 22.2 11.1 7.2 18.3
Section 504 Status 13,573 2475 87.8 23.5 29.5 25.8 21.1 47.0
Economic Disadvantage Status 322,356 2436 88.8 38.9 31.1 19.4 10.6 30.0
Table 8.36: GRADE 5 MATHEMATICS AVERAGE OVERALL SCALE SCORE AND PERCENTAGE IN EACH ACHIEVEMENT LEVEL BY SELECTED DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS , 2023-24 ADMINISTRATION
Group Scale Scores N Scale Scores Mean Scale Scores SD Achievement Levels(%) 1 Achievement Levels(%) 2 Achievement Levels(%) 3 Achievement Levels(%) 4 Achievement Levels(%)3&4
Total 588,105 2486 104.5 39.1 24.7 15.7 20.4 36.2
Female 268,926 2482 101.3 40.3 25.8 15.4 18.5 33.9
Male 300,124 2490 107.5 37.7 23.7 16.2 22.5 38.7
American Indian or Alaska Native 6,490 2442 97.0 56.2 24.5 10.7 8.6 19.3
Asian 59,441 2561 99.9 15.4 17.4 18.2 49.0 67.2
Black/African American 31,578 2435 98.0 58.4 23.3 10.4 7.9 18.3
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 7,110 2455 94.3 51.0 25.9 13.3 9.8 23.2
Hispanic/Latino Ethnicity 273,312 2454 95.0 50.8 26.2 12.8 10.2 23.0
White 183,561 2508 99.3 29.3 25.5 19.3 25.9 45.2
Two or More Races 34,585 2515 104.0 28.4 23.1 18.8 29.6 48.4
Unidentified Race 33,987 2475 104.2 43.0 24.5 15.0 17.5 32.5
EL Status 103,801 2412 84.0 70.4 20.8 5.9 2.9 8.8
IDEA Indicator 80,792 2404 100.0 72.0 15.7 6.3 6.0 12.3
Section 504 Status 15,983 2498 96.7 33.6 27.1 17.6 21.7 39.2
Economic Disadvantage Status 326,154 2456 97.1 50.1 25.8 13.0 11.1 24.0
Table 8.37: GRADE 6 MATHEMATICS AVERAGE OVERALL SCALE SCORE AND PERCENTAGE IN EACH ACHIEVEMENT LEVEL BY SELECTED DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS , 2023-24 ADMINISTRATION
Group Scale Scores N Scale Scores Mean Scale Scores SD Achievement Levels(%) 1 Achievement Levels(%) 2 Achievement Levels(%) 3 Achievement Levels(%) 4 Achievement Levels(%)3&4
Total 585,884 2500 116.9 40.0 25.4 16.2 18.5 34.7
Female 267,799 2498 114.4 40.9 25.7 15.9 17.4 33.4
Male 299,452 2504 119.3 38.7 25.0 16.5 19.8 36.3
American Indian or Alaska Native 6,329 2447 108.2 59.0 23.5 10.5 7.1 17.5
Asian 58,273 2590 112.4 15.3 17.5 18.7 48.5 67.2
Black/African American 31,377 2443 108.2 60.2 23.2 10.1 6.5 16.6
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 7,050 2462 107.6 53.2 25.7 12.8 8.2 21.0
Hispanic/Latino Ethnicity 276,213 2466 106.9 51.7 26.3 13.1 9.0 22.0
White 180,008 2524 109.9 30.0 27.0 20.1 22.9 43.0
Two or More Races 33,103 2531 114.6 29.2 25.1 19.4 26.4 45.7
Unidentified Race 35,211 2486 118.2 45.0 24.3 15.0 15.8 30.8
EL Status 92,635 2408 93.1 75.8 17.8 4.5 1.9 6.4
IDEA Indicator 75,650 2401 107.8 75.6 14.7 5.5 4.2 9.7
Section 504 Status 17,722 2511 105.8 34.9 29.0 18.2 18.0 36.2
Economic Disadvantage Status 328,577 2468 109.0 51.1 26.1 13.1 9.8 22.9
Table 8.38: GRADE 7 MATHEMATICS AVERAGE OVERALL SCALE SCORE AND PERCENTAGE IN EACH ACHIEVEMENT LEVEL BY SELECTED DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS , 2023-24 ADMINISTRATION
Group Scale Scores N Scale Scores Mean Scale Scores SD Achievement Levels(%) 1 Achievement Levels(%) 2 Achievement Levels(%) 3 Achievement Levels(%) 4 Achievement Levels(%)3&4
Total 588,474 2515 122 40.5 24.9 17.4 17.2 34.6
Female 268,264 2510 120 42.1 25.3 16.6 16.0 32.6
Male 301,906 2519 124 38.7 24.5 18.1 18.7 36.7
American Indian or Alaska Native 6,316 2468 110 56.7 24.3 11.7 7.4 19.1
Asian 54,313 2611 120 15.5 16.8 20.3 47.4 67.7
Black/African American 31,522 2456 108 60.6 23.0 10.8 5.6 16.4
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 6,770 2468 108 56.1 25.2 12.2 6.6 18.8
Hispanic/Latino Ethnicity 278,217 2477 109 52.6 26.0 13.7 7.7 21.4
White 174,446 2541 114 30.0 26.5 22.2 21.3 43.5
Two or More Races 30,666 2546 121 30.0 24.2 20.9 24.9 45.8
Unidentified Race 48,017 2524 128 38.5 22.6 17.7 21.2 38.9
EL Status 84,225 2413 93 78.3 15.8 4.3 1.6 5.9
IDEA Indicator 73,004 2414 106 76.2 14.6 5.6 3.5 9.2
Section 504 Status 19,461 2528 111 34.6 27.9 20.2 17.3 37.5
Economic Disadvantage Status 329,006 2479 112 52.0 25.6 13.8 8.6 22.4
Table 8.39: GRADE 8 MATHEMATICS AVERAGE OVERALL SCALE SCORE AND PERCENTAGE IN EACH ACHIEVEMENT LEVEL BY SELECTED DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS , 2023-24 ADMINISTRATION
Group Scale Scores N Scale Scores Mean Scale Scores SD Achievement Levels(%) 1 Achievement Levels(%) 2 Achievement Levels(%) 3 Achievement Levels(%) 4 Achievement Levels(%)3&4
Total 588,081 2525 131.2 45.8 22.3 14.0 18.0 31.9
Female 267,772 2525 128.0 45.4 23.1 14.3 17.2 31.5
Male 302,265 2525 134.5 45.8 21.5 13.7 19.0 32.7
American Indian or Alaska Native 6,190 2471 115.4 63.3 20.2 9.8 6.6 16.4
Asian 52,635 2630 133.7 19.0 15.8 16.6 48.6 65.2
Black/African American 30,525 2461 113.3 65.8 20.1 8.3 5.7 14.0
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 6,645 2475 113.8 61.8 21.3 9.7 7.2 16.9
Hispanic/Latino Ethnicity 273,231 2484 116.0 58.3 22.7 10.7 8.4 19.0
White 165,360 2548 124.9 36.6 24.3 17.7 21.4 39.1
Two or More Races 28,042 2557 132.7 35.9 22.3 16.5 25.4 41.9
Unidentified Race 66,488 2546 132.8 39.1 21.7 16.2 23.1 39.3
EL Status 72,910 2413 95.5 83.9 11.6 2.9 1.6 4.5
IDEA Indicator 70,275 2416 106.1 81.4 11.7 4.0 3.0 7.0
Section 504 Status 20,819 2535 120.1 41.2 25.3 15.9 17.6 33.5
Economic Disadvantage Status 327,973 2487 119.1 57.4 22.3 10.9 9.4 20.3
Table 8.40: HIGH SCHOOL MATHEMATICS AVERAGE OVERALL SCALE SCORE AND PERCENTAGE IN EACH ACHIEVEMENT LEVEL BY SELECTED DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS , 2023-24 ADMINISTRATION
Group Scale Scores N Scale Scores Mean Scale Scores SD Achievement Levels(%) 1 Achievement Levels(%) 2 Achievement Levels(%) 3 Achievement Levels(%) 4 Achievement Levels(%)3&4
Total 597,196 2546 134.8 51.1 21.7 15.6 11.6 27.2
Female 275,514 2546 128.0 51.1 23.0 15.7 10.2 25.9
Male 306,465 2547 141.3 50.9 20.4 15.5 13.1 28.6
American Indian or Alaska Native 5,435 2497 117.8 66.2 19.9 9.6 4.2 13.8
Asian 49,689 2662 138.8 20.6 17.5 23.0 38.9 62.0
Black/African American 23,599 2485 117.2 70.2 17.7 8.8 3.3 12.1
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 5,063 2503 114.6 65.1 21.2 9.5 4.2 13.7
Hispanic/Latino Ethnicity 262,473 2508 118.7 62.7 21.0 11.6 4.7 16.3
White 136,002 2574 133.9 40.9 23.8 20.1 15.2 35.3
Two or More Races 22,212 2584 140.5 39.5 21.9 19.8 18.8 38.6
Unidentified Race 121,636 2546 129.2 50.9 22.9 15.7 10.6 26.3
EL Status 64,229 2433 96.8 88.1 8.5 2.6 0.8 3.4
IDEA Indicator 64,664 2432 103.0 87.0 8.7 3.0 1.3 4.4
Section 504 Status 27,251 2557 127.2 47.3 24.5 16.7 11.5 28.2
Economic Disadvantage Status 331,906 2510 121.7 62.3 20.7 11.5 5.5 17.0

8.8 Percentile Tables for Overall Scale Scores

Table 8.41 through Table 8.47 present the overall ELA/literacy scale score for the 10th, 20th, 30th, 40th, 50th, 60th, 70th, 80th, and 90th percentiles for grades 3-8 and high school.

Table 8.48 through Table 8.54 present scores for these same percentiles for the overall mathematics scale scores for grades 3-8 and high school. These results are presented at the aggregate level and disaggregated by gender, race/ethnicity, and various status flags: limited English proficiency, IDEA indicator, Section 504, and economically disadvantaged.

Table 8.41: GRADE 3 ELA/LITERACY SCALE SCORE BY SELECTED DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS, 2023-24 PERCENTILES
Group P(%)10 P(%)20 P(%)30 P(%)40 P(%)50 P(%)60 P(%)70 P(%)80 P(%)90
Total 2278 2321 2355 2385 2414 2442 2470 2502 2544
Female 2285 2331 2365 2395 2423 2450 2478 2509 2551
Male 2271 2313 2347 2377 2405 2433 2462 2495 2538
American Indian or Alaska Native 2255 2289 2318 2343 2369 2395 2423 2456 2498
Asian 2328 2383 2421 2451 2477 2503 2528 2556 2596
Black/African American 2254 2290 2319 2346 2372 2399 2428 2461 2504
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 2260 2296 2325 2353 2378 2403 2431 2460 2500
Hispanic/Latino Ethnicity 2262 2300 2330 2357 2383 2409 2437 2468 2509
White 2300 2347 2382 2412 2438 2462 2488 2517 2556
Two or More Races 2303 2352 2388 2419 2447 2473 2499 2530 2571
Unidentified Race 2270 2311 2344 2375 2403 2431 2460 2493 2535
EL Status 2242 2275 2300 2323 2345 2367 2391 2419 2457
IDEA Indicator 2234 2266 2291 2313 2337 2363 2392 2429 2480
Section 504 Status 2293 2335 2366 2395 2421 2446 2474 2503 2542
Economic Disadvantage Status 2261 2300 2330 2358 2384 2410 2438 2469 2510
Table 8.42: GRADE 4 ELA/LITERACY SCALE SCORE BY SELECTED DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS, 2023-24 PERCENTILES
Group P(%)10 P(%)20 P(%)30 P(%)40 P(%)50 P(%)60 P(%)70 P(%)80 P(%)90
Total 2312 2359 2396 2428 2458 2486 2516 2548 2593
Female 2321 2369 2406 2437 2466 2494 2523 2555 2599
Male 2305 2350 2387 2419 2450 2479 2509 2542 2587
American Indian or Alaska Native 2286 2330 2360 2387 2414 2440 2467 2501 2544
Asian 2369 2430 2470 2501 2528 2553 2579 2608 2647
Black/African American 2284 2322 2353 2381 2409 2438 2467 2502 2547
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 2294 2332 2363 2393 2419 2448 2476 2508 2554
Hispanic/Latino Ethnicity 2295 2337 2369 2398 2426 2452 2481 2512 2555
White 2338 2388 2425 2456 2482 2508 2535 2564 2604
Two or More Races 2340 2393 2432 2463 2491 2518 2546 2577 2618
Unidentified Race 2306 2351 2386 2420 2449 2479 2509 2542 2587
EL Status 2270 2306 2333 2356 2378 2401 2426 2454 2491
IDEA Indicator 2257 2293 2319 2342 2367 2394 2424 2462 2516
Section 504 Status 2336 2380 2413 2441 2467 2493 2520 2550 2591
Economic Disadvantage Status 2295 2337 2369 2399 2426 2453 2482 2514 2557
Table 8.43: GRADE 5 ELA/LITERACY SCALE SCORE BY SELECTED DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS, 2023-24 PERCENTILES
Group P(%)10 P(%)20 P(%)30 P(%)40 P(%)50 P(%)60 P(%)70 P(%)80 P(%)90
Total 2345 2396 2434 2467 2497 2527 2557 2591 2636
Female 2358 2409 2447 2478 2507 2536 2566 2600 2644
Male 2334 2384 2423 2456 2487 2518 2549 2583 2628
American Indian or Alaska Native 2320 2361 2394 2422 2450 2478 2508 2540 2585
Asian 2410 2473 2515 2546 2574 2598 2624 2653 2691
Black/African American 2313 2354 2388 2418 2447 2477 2507 2542 2589
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 2327 2371 2405 2435 2461 2489 2516 2549 2592
Hispanic/Latino Ethnicity 2327 2372 2407 2436 2464 2491 2520 2553 2597
White 2373 2426 2464 2495 2523 2550 2578 2607 2647
Two or More Races 2374 2431 2471 2503 2533 2561 2589 2620 2660
Unidentified Race 2340 2389 2427 2459 2490 2520 2549 2584 2628
EL Status 2293 2330 2358 2382 2404 2426 2449 2475 2512
IDEA Indicator 2282 2318 2344 2369 2393 2420 2450 2487 2544
Section 504 Status 2372 2419 2453 2482 2509 2534 2562 2593 2635
Economic Disadvantage Status 2326 2372 2407 2437 2465 2493 2522 2555 2599
Table 8.44: GRADE 6 ELA/LITERACY SCALE SCORE BY SELECTED DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS, 2023-24 PERCENTILES
Group P(%)10 P(%)20 P(%)30 P(%)40 P(%)50 P(%)60 P(%)70 P(%)80 P(%)90
Total 2373 2421 2458 2490 2519 2548 2577 2610 2651
Female 2389 2437 2473 2504 2533 2561 2589 2621 2661
Male 2361 2408 2444 2476 2506 2536 2566 2599 2641
American Indian or Alaska Native 2345 2383 2413 2441 2469 2495 2525 2557 2600
Asian 2440 2502 2541 2571 2597 2620 2643 2668 2703
Black/African American 2342 2381 2412 2440 2469 2497 2526 2561 2607
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 2354 2396 2428 2456 2482 2510 2539 2572 2614
Hispanic/Latino Ethnicity 2357 2400 2433 2462 2489 2516 2544 2576 2617
White 2397 2447 2483 2514 2542 2568 2594 2623 2660
Two or More Races 2400 2453 2491 2523 2551 2578 2605 2634 2672
Unidentified Race 2363 2410 2447 2480 2510 2540 2571 2603 2645
EL Status 2319 2352 2377 2399 2420 2441 2462 2488 2523
IDEA Indicator 2311 2344 2368 2390 2412 2436 2463 2497 2549
Section 504 Status 2396 2438 2471 2499 2524 2549 2575 2605 2644
Economic Disadvantage Status 2356 2399 2432 2461 2488 2516 2544 2576 2618
Table 8.45: GRADE 7 ELA/LITERACY SCALE SCORE BY SELECTED DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS, 2023-24 PERCENTILES
Group P(%)10 P(%)20 P(%)30 P(%)40 P(%)50 P(%)60 P(%)70 P(%)80 P(%)90
Total 2380 2436 2478 2513 2545 2575 2605 2638 2681
Female 2399 2455 2496 2529 2560 2588 2617 2649 2690
Male 2366 2420 2462 2498 2531 2562 2593 2627 2671
American Indian or Alaska Native 2355 2402 2440 2469 2498 2526 2556 2590 2633
Asian 2462 2529 2570 2601 2627 2651 2675 2702 2738
Black/African American 2346 2391 2428 2460 2490 2521 2552 2587 2633
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 2358 2405 2443 2475 2504 2533 2560 2594 2639
Hispanic/Latino Ethnicity 2361 2411 2449 2482 2511 2540 2569 2602 2644
White 2409 2468 2508 2541 2569 2596 2622 2651 2689
Two or More Races 2409 2471 2513 2549 2578 2605 2633 2663 2703
Unidentified Race 2387 2444 2487 2524 2557 2588 2619 2652 2693
EL Status 2314 2353 2381 2406 2430 2453 2478 2505 2541
IDEA Indicator 2310 2349 2377 2402 2428 2455 2485 2521 2572
Section 504 Status 2406 2457 2494 2524 2551 2578 2605 2635 2675
Economic Disadvantage Status 2360 2410 2448 2481 2511 2540 2570 2603 2646
Table 8.46: GRADE 8 ELA/LITERACY SCALE SCORE BY SELECTED DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS, 2023-24 PERCENTILES
Group P(%)10 P(%)20 P(%)30 P(%)40 P(%)50 P(%)60 P(%)70 P(%)80 P(%)90
Total 2391 2448 2489 2524 2555 2586 2617 2651 2695
Female 2413 2469 2508 2541 2571 2600 2630 2663 2705
Male 2375 2430 2472 2507 2539 2572 2604 2639 2684
American Indian or Alaska Native 2361 2408 2445 2476 2503 2532 2562 2599 2643
Asian 2470 2538 2580 2612 2638 2662 2687 2714 2751
Black/African American 2353 2403 2440 2472 2502 2532 2564 2600 2648
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 2373 2420 2454 2484 2511 2538 2569 2604 2650
Hispanic/Latino Ethnicity 2372 2423 2461 2493 2522 2551 2581 2615 2659
White 2414 2473 2513 2546 2576 2603 2631 2662 2702
Two or More Races 2418 2481 2523 2556 2588 2616 2645 2675 2716
Unidentified Race 2406 2467 2510 2545 2578 2607 2636 2667 2707
EL Status 2314 2357 2387 2411 2434 2457 2481 2508 2544
IDEA Indicator 2316 2358 2388 2413 2438 2464 2493 2527 2578
Section 504 Status 2417 2467 2505 2534 2563 2590 2617 2649 2691
Economic Disadvantage Status 2371 2422 2461 2493 2523 2552 2582 2617 2661
Table 8.47: HIGH SCHOOL ELA/LITERACY SCALE SCORE BY SELECTED DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS, 2023-24 PERCENTILES
Group P(%)10 P(%)20 P(%)30 P(%)40 P(%)50 P(%)60 P(%)70 P(%)80 P(%)90
Total 2410 2476 2526 2567 2603 2635 2668 2703 2747
Female 2440 2505 2551 2588 2620 2650 2680 2713 2755
Male 2390 2452 2503 2546 2585 2621 2655 2693 2739
American Indian or Alaska Native 2382 2438 2479 2518 2553 2583 2616 2651 2697
Asian 2492 2571 2618 2652 2681 2708 2733 2761 2795
Black/African American 2369 2421 2464 2501 2538 2574 2610 2651 2699
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 2400 2450 2490 2524 2556 2588 2621 2653 2701
Hispanic/Latino Ethnicity 2390 2449 2496 2536 2571 2604 2636 2671 2716
White 2430 2502 2552 2592 2626 2656 2686 2719 2760
Two or More Races 2440 2510 2563 2604 2637 2669 2699 2731 2773
Unidentified Race 2425 2491 2539 2578 2611 2642 2673 2705 2746
EL Status 2325 2366 2396 2422 2447 2473 2501 2533 2576
IDEA Indicator 2335 2378 2409 2438 2466 2495 2528 2567 2621
Section 504 Status 2440 2505 2550 2586 2617 2646 2676 2709 2750
Economic Disadvantage Status 2389 2448 2495 2534 2570 2602 2635 2671 2716
Table 8.48: GRADE 3 MATHEMATICS SCALE SCORE BY SELECTED DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS, 2023-24 PERCENTILES
Group P(%)10 P(%)20 P(%)30 P(%)40 P(%)50 P(%)60 P(%)70 P(%)80 P(%)90
Total 2301 2344 2375 2402 2427 2451 2476 2504 2543
Female 2301 2342 2372 2398 2422 2445 2470 2498 2536
Male 2302 2347 2380 2408 2433 2457 2482 2511 2550
American Indian or Alaska Native 2268 2309 2337 2360 2383 2405 2432 2460 2498
Asian 2363 2412 2444 2470 2493 2515 2538 2565 2603
Black/African American 2263 2307 2335 2360 2384 2407 2431 2459 2497
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 2281 2320 2347 2370 2393 2414 2439 2465 2502
Hispanic/Latino Ethnicity 2285 2325 2352 2376 2399 2422 2445 2471 2508
White 2323 2369 2400 2425 2448 2469 2491 2517 2552
Two or More Races 2325 2372 2404 2431 2455 2478 2502 2528 2566
Unidentified Race 2284 2327 2358 2386 2411 2437 2462 2492 2529
EL Status 2267 2305 2330 2352 2372 2393 2415 2441 2477
IDEA Indicator 2235 2276 2306 2332 2357 2383 2412 2447 2494
Section 504 Status 2317 2356 2385 2410 2433 2456 2479 2506 2544
Economic Disadvantage Status 2284 2325 2353 2377 2400 2423 2446 2474 2511
Table 8.49: GRADE 4 MATHEMATICS SCALE SCORE BY SELECTED DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS, 2023-24 PERCENTILES
Group P(%)10 P(%)20 P(%)30 P(%)40 P(%)50 P(%)60 P(%)70 P(%)80 P(%)90
Total 2340 2381 2412 2439 2465 2491 2517 2547 2587
Female 2341 2379 2408 2434 2459 2484 2510 2539 2579
Male 2339 2383 2416 2445 2472 2498 2525 2555 2595
American Indian or Alaska Native 2311 2348 2376 2400 2422 2445 2471 2501 2539
Asian 2403 2453 2488 2516 2541 2564 2587 2614 2653
Black/African American 2303 2343 2370 2394 2417 2441 2467 2495 2534
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 2322 2359 2386 2410 2432 2454 2479 2507 2545
Hispanic/Latino Ethnicity 2324 2361 2388 2412 2435 2458 2482 2510 2548
White 2363 2407 2439 2466 2490 2513 2536 2562 2597
Two or More Races 2363 2409 2441 2470 2496 2520 2545 2572 2610
Unidentified Race 2326 2366 2397 2425 2451 2477 2505 2536 2575
EL Status 2303 2339 2363 2383 2403 2423 2445 2472 2509
IDEA Indicator 2276 2314 2341 2364 2387 2412 2441 2477 2528
Section 504 Status 2361 2399 2428 2453 2477 2500 2524 2552 2588
Economic Disadvantage Status 2323 2361 2389 2413 2436 2460 2484 2513 2551
Table 8.50: GRADE 5 MATHEMATICS SCALE SCORE BY SELECTED DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS, 2023-24 PERCENTILES
Group P(%)10 P(%)20 P(%)30 P(%)40 P(%)50 P(%)60 P(%)70 P(%)80 P(%)90
Total 2350 2394 2427 2457 2487 2516 2546 2580 2623
Female 2352 2394 2425 2454 2481 2510 2539 2573 2616
Male 2348 2395 2430 2462 2493 2524 2554 2587 2629
American Indian or Alaska Native 2320 2361 2389 2414 2439 2465 2495 2525 2571
Asian 2421 2478 2519 2549 2576 2600 2624 2651 2690
Black/African American 2309 2352 2381 2407 2433 2459 2488 2521 2566
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 2333 2376 2403 2429 2452 2480 2508 2538 2578
Hispanic/Latino Ethnicity 2333 2374 2403 2428 2452 2478 2506 2537 2579
White 2375 2421 2457 2488 2515 2541 2567 2596 2632
Two or More Races 2374 2423 2460 2493 2523 2551 2578 2607 2647
Unidentified Race 2340 2384 2416 2446 2475 2505 2535 2569 2612
EL Status 2306 2344 2370 2391 2410 2430 2454 2481 2521
IDEA Indicator 2282 2320 2348 2372 2395 2419 2448 2487 2543
Section 504 Status 2372 2413 2445 2472 2500 2525 2553 2584 2622
Economic Disadvantage Status 2332 2374 2403 2429 2454 2481 2509 2541 2584
Table 8.51: GRADE 6 MATHEMATICS SCALE SCORE BY SELECTED DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS, 2023-24 PERCENTILES
Group P(%)10 P(%)20 P(%)30 P(%)40 P(%)50 P(%)60 P(%)70 P(%)80 P(%)90
Total 2343 2397 2438 2473 2504 2535 2567 2603 2652
Female 2346 2397 2436 2470 2500 2531 2563 2599 2647
Male 2341 2398 2441 2477 2509 2540 2572 2609 2657
American Indian or Alaska Native 2306 2351 2386 2417 2448 2475 2506 2541 2588
Asian 2435 2498 2541 2576 2605 2632 2660 2691 2734
Black/African American 2300 2346 2381 2413 2442 2472 2502 2538 2586
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 2321 2366 2404 2434 2464 2494 2522 2555 2600
Hispanic/Latino Ethnicity 2324 2372 2407 2439 2468 2496 2525 2559 2604
White 2374 2432 2472 2504 2532 2560 2588 2619 2661
Two or More Races 2374 2433 2475 2509 2539 2568 2598 2631 2676
Unidentified Race 2328 2379 2418 2455 2488 2520 2554 2592 2639
EL Status 2284 2327 2357 2382 2405 2430 2456 2486 2528
IDEA Indicator 2261 2306 2337 2363 2390 2418 2451 2491 2549
Section 504 Status 2372 2421 2457 2487 2514 2540 2570 2601 2647
Economic Disadvantage Status 2323 2372 2408 2440 2469 2498 2528 2562 2608
Table 8.52: GRADE 7 MATHEMATICS SCALE SCORE BY SELECTED DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS, 2023-24 PERCENTILES
Group P(%)10 P(%)20 P(%)30 P(%)40 P(%)50 P(%)60 P(%)70 P(%)80 P(%)90
Total 2354 2405 2447 2482 2515 2548 2583 2622 2676
Female 2354 2404 2443 2477 2508 2541 2576 2615 2670
Male 2353 2408 2451 2488 2522 2556 2590 2629 2681
American Indian or Alaska Native 2325 2370 2404 2437 2466 2493 2525 2563 2613
Asian 2442 2510 2557 2595 2627 2657 2687 2721 2768
Black/African American 2318 2361 2392 2423 2452 2482 2513 2550 2600
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 2326 2373 2405 2437 2466 2494 2526 2562 2608
Hispanic/Latino Ethnicity 2334 2380 2415 2447 2476 2505 2536 2572 2619
White 2385 2443 2484 2517 2548 2577 2606 2639 2684
Two or More Races 2381 2442 2483 2519 2553 2584 2616 2653 2701
Unidentified Race 2353 2408 2452 2489 2526 2563 2599 2640 2694
EL Status 2293 2334 2361 2385 2408 2432 2458 2489 2535
IDEA Indicator 2283 2324 2352 2376 2401 2428 2460 2500 2559
Section 504 Status 2381 2431 2469 2500 2529 2559 2589 2623 2672
Economic Disadvantage Status 2334 2380 2416 2448 2478 2507 2539 2576 2625
Table 8.53: GRADE 8 MATHEMATICS SCALE SCORE BY SELECTED DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS, 2023-24 PERCENTILES
Group P(%)10 P(%)20 P(%)30 P(%)40 P(%)50 P(%)60 P(%)70 P(%)80 P(%)90
Total 2353 2410 2450 2485 2518 2554 2593 2641 2706
Female 2359 2413 2453 2486 2519 2553 2591 2638 2701
Male 2349 2407 2449 2484 2518 2556 2597 2647 2713
American Indian or Alaska Native 2316 2370 2408 2439 2468 2494 2527 2567 2624
Asian 2441 2510 2563 2608 2647 2685 2723 2764 2802
Black/African American 2313 2360 2396 2428 2457 2486 2517 2556 2613
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 2329 2377 2411 2441 2469 2497 2531 2571 2627
Hispanic/Latino Ethnicity 2332 2383 2420 2452 2480 2509 2541 2581 2639
White 2383 2442 2481 2515 2549 2583 2618 2659 2714
Two or More Races 2381 2440 2483 2519 2555 2592 2633 2678 2738
Unidentified Race 2369 2428 2470 2507 2545 2583 2622 2667 2725
EL Status 2284 2328 2358 2384 2408 2432 2457 2488 2535
IDEA Indicator 2277 2321 2352 2379 2404 2431 2461 2498 2556
Section 504 Status 2382 2435 2470 2501 2531 2562 2597 2640 2697
Economic Disadvantage Status 2332 2384 2421 2453 2482 2512 2545 2587 2647
Table 8.54: HIGH SCHOOL MATHEMATICS SCALE SCORE BY SELECTED DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS, 2023-24 PERCENTILES
Group P(%)10 P(%)20 P(%)30 P(%)40 P(%)50 P(%)60 P(%)70 P(%)80 P(%)90
Total 2373 2429 2469 2504 2538 2575 2615 2663 2730
Female 2384 2436 2474 2507 2539 2573 2610 2656 2719
Male 2365 2422 2465 2502 2539 2578 2621 2672 2743
American Indian or Alaska Native 2347 2394 2429 2462 2490 2520 2554 2593 2655
Asian 2467 2539 2593 2636 2676 2714 2751 2791 2848
Black/African American 2332 2383 2419 2449 2478 2508 2542 2583 2643
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 2357 2405 2440 2468 2495 2525 2558 2596 2656
Hispanic/Latino Ethnicity 2354 2406 2443 2474 2504 2534 2568 2609 2666
White 2397 2458 2501 2539 2574 2610 2648 2692 2751
Two or More Races 2398 2458 2505 2545 2583 2622 2663 2711 2776
Unidentified Race 2382 2437 2475 2508 2540 2574 2612 2658 2722
EL Status 2299 2347 2379 2405 2429 2452 2477 2507 2555
IDEA Indicator 2293 2342 2374 2401 2425 2450 2477 2510 2562
Section 504 Status 2396 2450 2487 2520 2551 2584 2620 2665 2729
Economic Disadvantage Status 2354 2406 2443 2474 2504 2535 2570 2612 2673

8.9 Composite Claim Score Results

Composite claim scores were reported for the first time in the 2023-24 administration by two member states, California and Idaho. The definition of composite claim scores are as follows:

ELA/literacy:

  • Composite Claim 1: Reading and Listening

  • Composite Claim 2: Writing and Research

Mathematics:

  • Composite Claim 1: Concepts and Procedures

  • Composite Claim 2: Problem Solving, Communicating Reasoning, and Modeling and Data Analysis

This section reports the reliability of composite claim scores as well as total scores under the adjusted blueprint, using operational student data from 2023-24. Marginal reliability (rho) indicates the extent to which observed score differences reflect true differences in achievement rather than random error. Because composite claims are based on fewer items, their reliabilities are expected to be slightly lower than total score reliabilities, but still adequate for group-level interpretation. Results are disaggregated by demographic group for both ELA/literacy and mathematics, providing evidence that composite claim scores function consistently across student populations.

8.9.1 Reliability

Reliability estimates in this section are based on operational data from the adjusted blueprint. Table 8.55 and Table 8.56 show the reliability of the observed total scores and subscores for ELA/literacy and mathematics.

Table 8.55: MARGINAL RELIABILITY OF TOTAL SUMMATIVE SCORES AND COMPOSITE CLAIM SCORES: ELA/LITERACY
Grade N Total score Composite Claim 1 Composite Claim 2
3 427,175 0.873 0.692 0.764
4 437,371 0.874 0.700 0.764
5 442,415 0.889 0.708 0.791
6 444,222 0.890 0.759 0.787
7 448,602 0.893 0.723 0.796
8 449,286 0.888 0.751 0.789
HS 459,016 0.891 0.740 0.804
Table 8.56: MARGINAL RELIABILITY OF TOTAL SUMMATIVE SCORES AND COMPOSITE CLAIM SCORES: MATHEMATICS
Grade N Total score Composite Claim 1 Composite Claim 2
3 432,248 0.910 0.756 0.760
4 442,128 0.905 0.753 0.781
5 446,572 0.891 0.752 0.735
6 447,642 0.880 0.770 0.734
7 451,121 0.877 0.752 0.720
8 451,332 0.884 0.759 0.705
HS 458,306 0.849 0.758 0.666

8.9.2 Classification Accuracy

The following tables provide estimates of classification accuracy for composite claim scores in addition to total scores. Specifically, Table 8.57 through Table 8.63 show ELA/literacy classification accuracy for each grade 3-8 and high school (HS). Section 2.4 explains how the statistics in these tables were computed. Classification accuracy indicates the probability that a student’s observed composite claim score places them in the same achievement level as their true score for that claim. These results demonstrate how precisely students are classified at the claim level, which is especially relevant for instructional use of Reading/Listening, Writing/Research, Concepts/Procedures, and Problem Solving/Reasoning/Modeling scores.

Table 8.57: GRADE 3 ELA/LITERACY CLASSIFICATION ACCURACY: COMPOSITE CLAIM SCORE
Score Observed Level N P True L1 True L2 True L3 True L4 Accuracy by Level Accuracy Overall
Overall Level 1 146,506 0.343 0.300 0.042 0.001 0.000 0.875 0.755
Level 2 96,758 0.227 0.043 0.140 0.042 0.001 0.618
Level 3 84,246 0.197 0.001 0.042 0.116 0.039 0.586
Level 4 99,667 0.233 0.000 0.001 0.033 0.199 0.853
CompClaim 1 Below 124,543 0.292 0.245 0.042 0.005 0.000 0.983 0.976
Near 217,594 0.510 0.099 0.177 0.152 0.082 NA
Above 84,866 0.199 0.000 0.006 0.035 0.157 0.969
CompClaim 2 Below 154,574 0.362 0.294 0.061 0.006 0.000 0.982 0.981
Near 181,444 0.425 0.049 0.160 0.151 0.065 NA
Above 90,951 0.213 0.000 0.004 0.035 0.174 0.981
Total: All Students 427,177 1.000 NA NA NA NA NA NA
Table 8.58: GRADE 4 ELA/LITERACY CLASSIFICATION ACCURACY: COMPOSITE CLAIM SCORE
Score Observed Level N P True L1 True L2 True L3 True L4 Accuracy by Level Accuracy Overall
Overall Level 1 160,488 0.367 0.325 0.039 0.002 0.000 0.886 0.750
Level 2 83,675 0.191 0.044 0.104 0.042 0.002 0.545
Level 3 86,808 0.198 0.002 0.042 0.114 0.040 0.574
Level 4 106,399 0.243 0.000 0.002 0.035 0.206 0.848
CompClaim 1 Below 120,900 0.277 0.247 0.026 0.004 0.000 0.986 0.976
Near 220,061 0.503 0.123 0.155 0.149 0.076 NA
Above 96,220 0.220 0.000 0.007 0.040 0.172 0.965
CompClaim 2 Below 154,057 0.352 0.302 0.044 0.007 0.000 0.980 0.981
Near 193,486 0.443 0.069 0.140 0.155 0.078 NA
Above 89,612 0.205 0.000 0.004 0.031 0.170 0.982
Total: All Students 437,370 1.000 NA NA NA NA NA NA
Table 8.59: GRADE 5 ELA/LITERACY CLASSIFICATION ACCURACY: COMPOSITE CLAIM SCORE
Score Observed Level N P True L1 True L2 True L3 True L4 Accuracy by Level Accuracy Overall
Overall Level 1 145,623 0.329 0.293 0.035 0.001 0.000 0.891 0.764
Level 2 85,899 0.194 0.040 0.114 0.040 0.000 0.586
Level 3 112,121 0.253 0.001 0.043 0.170 0.039 0.671
Level 4 98,772 0.223 0.000 0.000 0.036 0.187 0.838
CompClaim 1 Below 120,649 0.273 0.236 0.032 0.005 0.000 0.982 0.977
Near 222,730 0.504 0.097 0.155 0.188 0.064 NA
Above 98,842 0.224 0.000 0.006 0.055 0.163 0.973
CompClaim 2 Below 141,590 0.320 0.274 0.042 0.005 0.000 0.985 0.983
Near 188,267 0.426 0.060 0.146 0.178 0.041 NA
Above 112,348 0.254 0.000 0.004 0.064 0.185 0.982
Total: All Students 442,415 1.000 NA NA NA NA NA NA
Table 8.60: GRADE 6 ELA/LITERACY CLASSIFICATION ACCURACY: COMPOSITE CLAIM SCORE
Score Observed Level N P True L1 True L2 True L3 True L4 Accuracy by Level Accuracy Overall
Overall Level 1 131,506 0.296 0.260 0.036 0.000 0.000 0.878 0.768
Level 2 107,874 0.243 0.040 0.162 0.041 0.000 0.666
Level 3 124,101 0.279 0.000 0.044 0.197 0.038 0.704
Level 4 80,738 0.182 0.000 0.000 0.032 0.150 0.823
CompClaim 1 Below 140,341 0.316 0.248 0.062 0.006 0.000 0.981 0.975
Near 205,201 0.462 0.051 0.173 0.194 0.044 NA
Above 98,247 0.221 0.000 0.007 0.070 0.145 0.970
CompClaim 2 Below 149,699 0.337 0.261 0.070 0.006 0.000 0.981 0.978
Near 188,550 0.425 0.039 0.166 0.187 0.032 NA
Above 105,600 0.238 0.000 0.006 0.077 0.156 0.976
Total: All Students 444,219 1.000 NA NA NA NA NA NA
Table 8.61: GRADE 7 ELA/LITERACY CLASSIFICATION ACCURACY: COMPOSITE CLAIM SCORE
Score Observed Level N P True L1 True L2 True L3 True L4 Accuracy by Level Accuracy Overall
Overall Level 1 136,486 0.304 0.270 0.033 0.001 0.000 0.889 0.775
Level 2 98,629 0.220 0.038 0.142 0.040 0.000 0.646
Level 3 135,310 0.302 0.001 0.043 0.220 0.038 0.729
Level 4 78,177 0.174 0.000 0.000 0.032 0.143 0.818
CompClaim 1 Below 129,398 0.289 0.233 0.048 0.008 0.000 0.973 0.973
Near 225,656 0.504 0.075 0.166 0.217 0.046 NA
Above 92,848 0.207 0.000 0.005 0.067 0.134 0.973
CompClaim 2 Below 147,309 0.329 0.267 0.057 0.005 0.000 0.985 0.981
Near 174,571 0.390 0.040 0.156 0.176 0.017 NA
Above 126,025 0.281 0.000 0.007 0.111 0.163 0.977
Total: All Students 448,602 1.000 NA NA NA NA NA NA
Table 8.62: GRADE 8 ELA/LITERACY CLASSIFICATION ACCURACY: COMPOSITE CLAIM SCORE
Score Observed Level N P True L1 True L2 True L3 True L4 Accuracy by Level Accuracy Overall
Overall Level 1 132,433 0.295 0.260 0.035 0.000 0.000 0.882 0.774
Level 2 109,097 0.243 0.040 0.162 0.042 0.000 0.665
Level 3 135,892 0.302 0.000 0.044 0.222 0.037 0.733
Level 4 71,863 0.160 0.000 0.000 0.029 0.131 0.817
CompClaim 1 Below 141,418 0.315 0.245 0.063 0.007 0.000 0.977 0.977
Near 211,029 0.471 0.054 0.172 0.211 0.033 NA
Above 96,047 0.214 0.000 0.005 0.075 0.134 0.976
CompClaim 2 Below 147,347 0.328 0.257 0.065 0.006 0.000 0.983 0.976
Near 184,146 0.411 0.041 0.167 0.182 0.020 NA
Above 117,082 0.261 0.000 0.008 0.106 0.147 0.970
Total: All Students 449,285 1.000 NA NA NA NA NA NA
Table 8.63: HIGH SCHOOL ELA/LITERACY CLASSIFICATION ACCURACY: COMPOSITE CLAIM SCORE
Score Observed Level N P True L1 True L2 True L3 True L4 Accuracy by Level Accuracy Overall
Overall Level 1 107,270 0.234 0.204 0.029 0.000 0.000 0.873 0.774
Level 2 95,770 0.209 0.032 0.140 0.037 0.000 0.670
Level 3 135,685 0.296 0.000 0.043 0.209 0.043 0.708
Level 4 120,291 0.262 0.000 0.000 0.041 0.221 0.843
CompClaim 1 Below 109,855 0.240 0.184 0.050 0.006 0.000 0.973 0.976
Near 217,292 0.475 0.050 0.157 0.208 0.059 NA
Above 130,628 0.285 0.000 0.006 0.073 0.206 0.979
CompClaim 2 Below 123,247 0.269 0.205 0.059 0.005 0.000 0.981 0.981
Near 172,300 0.376 0.029 0.147 0.173 0.027 NA
Above 162,226 0.354 0.000 0.007 0.110 0.238 0.981
Total: All Students 459,016 1.000 NA NA NA NA NA NA
Table 8.64: GRADE 3 MATHEMATICS CLASSIFICATION ACCURACY: COMPOSITE CLAIM SCORE
Score Observed Level N P True L1 True L2 True L3 True L4 Accuracy by Level Accuracy Overall
Overall Level 1 139,340 0.322 0.286 0.036 0.001 0.000 0.888 0.793
Level 2 94,745 0.219 0.037 0.144 0.038 0.000 0.656
Level 3 108,314 0.251 0.000 0.038 0.182 0.031 0.726
Level 4 89,848 0.208 0.000 0.000 0.027 0.181 0.872
CompClaim 1 Below 131,056 0.303 0.254 0.044 0.005 0.000 0.984 0.981
Near 187,927 0.435 0.069 0.167 0.169 0.030 NA
Above 113,136 0.262 0.000 0.006 0.074 0.182 0.977
CompClaim 2 Below 158,174 0.366 0.292 0.068 0.005 0.000 0.985 0.986
Near 155,943 0.361 0.031 0.145 0.165 0.019 NA
Above 118,029 0.273 0.000 0.003 0.077 0.192 0.987
Total: All Students 432,247 1.000 NA NA NA NA NA NA
Table 8.65: GRADE 4 MATHEMATICS CLASSIFICATION ACCURACY: COMPOSITE CLAIM SCORE
Score Observed Level N P True L1 True L2 True L3 True L4 Accuracy by Level Accuracy Overall
Overall Level 1 133,671 0.302 0.265 0.037 0.000 0.000 0.877 0.799
Level 2 124,791 0.282 0.038 0.207 0.037 0.000 0.734
Level 3 99,108 0.224 0.000 0.035 0.160 0.029 0.715
Level 4 84,553 0.191 0.000 0.000 0.024 0.167 0.872
CompClaim 1 Below 148,888 0.337 0.260 0.073 0.004 0.000 0.988 0.982
Near 188,673 0.427 0.043 0.201 0.155 0.028 NA
Above 104,433 0.236 0.000 0.006 0.063 0.167 0.977
CompClaim 2 Below 177,318 0.401 0.286 0.111 0.005 0.000 0.988 0.988
Near 157,404 0.356 0.017 0.166 0.153 0.021 NA
Above 107,287 0.243 0.000 0.003 0.065 0.175 0.987
Total: All Students 442,123 1.000 NA NA NA NA NA NA
Table 8.66: GRADE 5 MATHEMATICS CLASSIFICATION ACCURACY: COMPOSITE CLAIM SCORE
Score Observed Level N P True L1 True L2 True L3 True L4 Accuracy by Level Accuracy Overall
Overall Level 1 178,478 0.400 0.353 0.046 0.001 0.000 0.883 0.794
Level 2 110,297 0.247 0.040 0.170 0.036 0.001 0.690
Level 3 68,841 0.154 0.000 0.031 0.096 0.027 0.620
Level 4 88,954 0.199 0.000 0.000 0.024 0.175 0.879
CompClaim 1 Below 172,526 0.386 0.322 0.060 0.004 0.000 0.988 0.981
Near 184,498 0.413 0.071 0.183 0.115 0.044 NA
Above 89,397 0.200 0.000 0.005 0.036 0.159 0.974
CompClaim 2 Below 197,866 0.443 0.353 0.085 0.005 0.000 0.988 0.987
Near 163,060 0.365 0.039 0.161 0.122 0.043 NA
Above 85,512 0.192 0.000 0.003 0.029 0.160 0.987
Total: All Students 446,570 1.000 NA NA NA NA NA NA
Table 8.67: GRADE 6 MATHEMATICS CLASSIFICATION ACCURACY: COMPOSITE CLAIM SCORE
Score Observed Level N P True L1 True L2 True L3 True L4 Accuracy by Level Accuracy Overall
Overall Level 1 180,089 0.402 0.359 0.043 0.001 0.000 0.892 0.797
Level 2 112,699 0.252 0.040 0.175 0.037 0.001 0.693
Level 3 71,735 0.160 0.000 0.032 0.100 0.028 0.627
Level 4 83,121 0.186 0.000 0.000 0.023 0.163 0.877
CompClaim 1 Below 190,026 0.425 0.351 0.069 0.004 0.000 0.990 0.985
Near 176,752 0.395 0.047 0.177 0.124 0.047 NA
Above 80,641 0.180 0.000 0.004 0.032 0.145 0.979
CompClaim 2 Below 199,369 0.446 0.359 0.081 0.005 0.000 0.989 0.986
Near 162,866 0.364 0.039 0.165 0.124 0.036 NA
Above 85,265 0.191 0.000 0.003 0.032 0.156 0.984
Total: All Students 447,644 1.000 NA NA NA NA NA NA
Table 8.68: GRADE 7 MATHEMATICS CLASSIFICATION ACCURACY: COMPOSITE CLAIM SCORE
Score Observed Level N P True L1 True L2 True L3 True L4 Accuracy by Level Accuracy Overall
Overall Level 1 184,988 0.410 0.363 0.047 0.001 0.000 0.884 0.794
Level 2 111,568 0.247 0.042 0.166 0.038 0.001 0.672
Level 3 76,838 0.170 0.000 0.032 0.113 0.026 0.661
Level 4 77,725 0.172 0.000 0.000 0.020 0.153 0.886
CompClaim 1 Below 185,844 0.412 0.346 0.062 0.004 0.000 0.991 0.984
Near 179,546 0.398 0.058 0.179 0.128 0.034 NA
Above 85,338 0.189 0.000 0.004 0.039 0.146 0.978
CompClaim 2 Below 195,148 0.433 0.354 0.074 0.005 0.000 0.989 0.988
Near 172,354 0.382 0.051 0.169 0.133 0.030 NA
Above 83,354 0.185 0.000 0.002 0.034 0.149 0.988
Total: All Students 451,119 1.000 NA NA NA NA NA NA
Table 8.69: GRADE 8 MATHEMATICS CLASSIFICATION ACCURACY: COMPOSITE CLAIM SCORE
Score Observed Level N P True L1 True L2 True L3 True L4 Accuracy by Level Accuracy Overall
Overall Level 1 207,714 0.460 0.408 0.051 0.001 0.000 0.886 0.797
Level 2 99,387 0.220 0.043 0.139 0.037 0.001 0.630
Level 3 61,611 0.137 0.000 0.027 0.086 0.023 0.628
Level 4 82,619 0.183 0.000 0.000 0.018 0.165 0.902
CompClaim 1 Below 185,045 0.410 0.358 0.047 0.004 0.000 0.989 0.983
Near 184,977 0.410 0.092 0.166 0.110 0.042 NA
Above 80,843 0.179 0.000 0.004 0.028 0.147 0.977
CompClaim 2 Below 198,721 0.441 0.376 0.060 0.005 0.000 0.990 0.989
Near 167,733 0.372 0.075 0.155 0.111 0.031 NA
Above 84,531 0.187 0.000 0.002 0.027 0.158 0.989
Total: All Students 451,331 1.000 NA NA NA NA NA NA
Table 8.70: HIGH SCHOOL MATHEMATICS CLASSIFICATION ACCURACY: COMPOSITE CLAIM SCORE
Score Observed Level N P True L1 True L2 True L3 True L4 Accuracy by Level Accuracy Overall
Overall Level 1 232,160 0.507 0.450 0.055 0.002 0.000 0.888 0.808
Level 2 97,600 0.213 0.041 0.137 0.035 0.000 0.643
Level 3 72,321 0.158 0.000 0.026 0.113 0.019 0.713
Level 4 56,227 0.123 0.000 0.000 0.014 0.109 0.889
CompClaim 1 Below 220,276 0.481 0.413 0.062 0.006 0.000 0.988 0.982
Near 168,546 0.368 0.076 0.153 0.118 0.021 NA
Above 68,981 0.151 0.000 0.004 0.040 0.107 0.975
CompClaim 2 Below 213,722 0.467 0.400 0.062 0.005 0.000 0.990 0.985
Near 170,784 0.373 0.090 0.153 0.115 0.014 NA
Above 73,336 0.160 0.000 0.003 0.043 0.114 0.980
Total: All Students 458,308 1.000 NA NA NA NA NA NA

8.9.3 Standard Errors of Measurement

Figure 8.15 to Figure 8.27 are scatter plots of a random sample of 2,000 individual student SEMs as a function of scale score for the total test and claims/subscores by grade within subject. These plots show the standard error of measurement (SEM) curves for composite claim scores alongside total scores for each grade. SEM curves reveal how precise the score estimates are across the range of achievement. As expected, SEMs for composite claims are somewhat larger than for total scores due to the smaller number of items contributing to each claim, but they remain within acceptable limits for reporting. These figures allow states and educators to understand where claim-level results are most precise and where caution should be used when interpreting individual student scores.

Dashed vertical lines in Figure 8.15 to Figure 8.27 represent the achievement level cut scores. The plots for the high school standard errors show cut scores for each grade 9, 10, and 11, respectively.

Students' Standard Error of Measurement by Scale Score, ELA/Literacy Grade 3

Figure 8.15: Students’ Standard Error of Measurement by Scale Score, ELA/Literacy Grade 3

Students' Standard Error of Measurement by Scale Score, ELA/Literacy Grade 4

Figure 8.16: Students’ Standard Error of Measurement by Scale Score, ELA/Literacy Grade 4

Students' Standard Error of Measurement by Scale Score, ELA/Literacy Grade 5

Figure 8.17: Students’ Standard Error of Measurement by Scale Score, ELA/Literacy Grade 5

Students' Standard Error of Measurement by Scale Score, ELA/Literacy Grade 6

Figure 8.18: Students’ Standard Error of Measurement by Scale Score, ELA/Literacy Grade 6

Students' Standard Error of Measurement by Scale Score, ELA/Literacy Grade 7

Figure 8.19: Students’ Standard Error of Measurement by Scale Score, ELA/Literacy Grade 7

Students' Standard Error of Measurement by Scale Score, ELA/Literacy Grade 8

Figure 8.20: Students’ Standard Error of Measurement by Scale Score, ELA/Literacy Grade 8

Students' Standard Error of Measurement by Scale Score, ELA/Literacy High School

Figure 8.21: Students’ Standard Error of Measurement by Scale Score, ELA/Literacy High School

Students' Standard Error of Measurement by Scale Score, Mathematics Grade 3

Figure 8.22: Students’ Standard Error of Measurement by Scale Score, Mathematics Grade 3

Students' Standard Error of Measurement by Scale Score, Mathematics Grade 4

Figure 8.23: Students’ Standard Error of Measurement by Scale Score, Mathematics Grade 4

Students' Standard Error of Measurement by Scale Score, Mathematics Grade 5

Figure 8.24: Students’ Standard Error of Measurement by Scale Score, Mathematics Grade 5

Students' Standard Error of Measurement by Scale Score, Mathematics Grade 6

Figure 8.25: Students’ Standard Error of Measurement by Scale Score, Mathematics Grade 6

Students' Standard Error of Measurement by Scale Score, Mathematics Grade 7

Figure 8.26: Students’ Standard Error of Measurement by Scale Score, Mathematics Grade 7

Students' Standard Error of Measurement by Scale Score, Mathematics High School

Figure 8.27: Students’ Standard Error of Measurement by Scale Score, Mathematics High School

References

Smarter Balanced. (2023b). Smarter Balanced Scoring Specifications for Summative and Interim Assessments. Retrieved from https://technicalreports.smarterbalanced.org/scoring_specs/_book/scoringspecs.html.